Edition of Paṇḍit Rāmacandra Śāstrī Koṭibhāskara

Vâkyapadîya, A Treatise on the Philosophy of Sanskṛit Grammar by Bhartṛihari, With a Commentary by Helârâja

Edited by Rāmacandra Śāstrī Koṭibhāskara

Published in 1905 by Vidyâ Vilâs Press in Benares.

This is a transcription of the Jātisamuddeśa from the editio princeps of Rāmacandra Śāstrī Koṭibhāskara, published in 1905. As K. A. Subramania Iyer has pointed out, the text is very close to that of MS 38824 from the Sarasvati Bhavan Library. A digital facsimile of the edition is available at https://archive.org/details/VakyapadiyaPadakanda1905. In the transcription, milestones (<milestone>) and page breaks (<pb>) are linked to images of the facsimile.

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Title Jātisamuddeśa
Commentary Prakīrṇaprakāśa
Rubric (page 1)|| śrīḥ || śrīyaśodānandanāya namaḥ | atha saṭīke vākyapadīye tṛtīyakāṇḍārambhaḥ | śrīgaṇeśāya namaḥ |
Incipit (page 1)yasmin saṃmukhatāṃ prayāti ruciraṃ ko 'py antarujjṛmbhate nedīyānmahimā manasyabhinavaḥ puṃsaḥ prakāśātmanaḥ ||
Explicit tad evaṃ saṃsargāvasthaḥ padārtho vākyārthād apod_dhṛtya padavibhāgapūrvakaṃ samīkṣita iti parisamāpto 'rthadvārakaḥ padavicāra iti śubham ||
Final Rubric (page 370)iti bhūtirājatanayahelārājakṛte prakīrṇakaprakāśe vṛttisamuddeśaś caturdaśaḥ | prakīrṇaprakāśākhyaṃ — samāptaṃ cedaṃ padakāṇḍam |
Physical description
Language/Script Sanskrit.
Format book
Material paper
Extent .
Dimensions
  • (leaf) x cm
  • (written) x cm
Foliation
  • (original) Devanāgarī numerals.
Condition
Layout X ruled lines per page. XX lines per page, approximately XX akṣaras per line.
History
Date of production
Place of origin Benares

|| śrīḥ || śrīyaśodānandanāya namaḥ | atha saṭīke vākyapadīye tṛtyīyakāṇḍārambhaḥ | śrīgaṇeśāya namaḥ |
(From page 2)
yasmin saṃmukhatāṃ prayāti ruciraṃ ko 'py antarujjṛmbhate
nedīyān mahimā manasy abhinavaḥ puṃsaḥ prakāśātmanaḥ ||
tṛptiṃ yat_ paramān tanoti viṣayāsvādaṃ vinā śāśvatīṃ
dhāmānanda sudhā mayorjita vapus tat prātibhaṃ saṃstumaḥ 1
kāṇḍadvaye yathāvṛtti siddhāntārthasatattvataḥ |
prabandho vihito 'smābhir āgamārthānusāribhiḥ |
taccheṣabhūte kāṇḍe 'smin saprapañce svarūpataḥ |
ślokārthadyotanaparaḥ prakāśo 'yaṃ vidhīyate ||
iha padārthāṣṭakavicāraparatvād vākyapadīyasya prathamakāṇḍena prayojanādipadārthe nirṇīte 'nantarakāṇḍopapāditopapattibhiḥ vākyatadarthayor anvākhyeyasthitalakṣaṇayoḥ padārthayor nnirṇītatvāt tadapoddhārakāpoddhārarūpaḥ padavicāraḥ prakramyate | tatra niyatavikalpo yathābhiprāyam apoddhāra iti yathāsaṃbhavaṃ padabhedānuddiśati ||
dvidhā kaiścit padaṃ bhinnaṃ caturdhā pañcadhā'pi vā |
apod_dhṛtyaiva vākyebhyaḥ prakṛtipratyayādivat || 1 ||
vākyasyaiva niraṃśasya vācakatvād antarā padapratipattir vibhrama iti kim asatyapadavyutpādanenety āśaṅkāpod_dhṛtyaiva vākyebhya ity āha | apod_dhṛtya kalpanābuddhyā pṛthak padaṃ niṣkṛṣyākhaṇḍavākyavyutpattāv upāyaḥ padavyutpattir vākyavādinām, akhaṇḍapadavyutpattāv iva parikalpitarūpaprakṛtipratyayāgamādeśādivyutpattiḥ padavādinām | ānantyād dhi vākyānāṃ svālakṣyenāśakyā vyutpattiḥ kartum iti sadṛśapadadvārā tadupapattir ity arthaḥ |
ubhayor api cāpod_dhṛtattvasyāsatyatvaṃ samānam | tathā hi | aniyatānupūrvīko yathārthaṃ kalpitānvayavyatirekanibandhano vākyavādināṃ padāpoddhāraḥ | evaṃ padavādināṃ śāstre 'py anvayavyatirekanimiLttārthāpoddhāravaśaḥ prakṛtipratyayādyapoddhāraḥ | yad āha vākyakāraḥ | siddhaṃ tv anvayavyatirekābhyām iti | tatra bhinnatvaṃ sāmānyam | dvidhetyādiko viśeṣa iti vidhārthe dhāpratyayopapattiḥ prakāro hi vidhārthaḥ sa ca sāmānyasya bhedako viśeṣaḥ | sādṛśyam eva sarvatra prakāraḥ kaiścid iṣyate ity ekīyamatam | kaiścid iti vacanāt | bhede 'pi tu prakārākhyā kaiścid abhyupagamyata iti coktaṃ | yadi vā 'tra buddhirūpaprakalpitaṃ sādṛśyam eva vidhārthaḥ | jñānapratibimbitasya hi bāhyānukāritvena sādṛśyaṃ sarvatra prakārārthaḥ | saṅkalpitasadṛśasyābāhyasyānirvartanāt_ vākyāc cāpoddhriyamāṇasya padasya vākyārthāntarāparikalpanayā 'rthavata evāpoddhāro yuktaḥ | arthāpoddhāra eva hi padāpoddhārasya nimittaṃ | animitte hi tasmin varṇāpoddhārasyāpi prasaṅgāt teṣām api vyutpādyatā syāt |
vākyārthaś ca sthitalakṣaṇo niraṃśaḥ kārakotkalitaśarīrakriyāsvabhāvataḥ | tatra cāṃśāṃśikalpanayā 'poddhāre kārakātmā kriyātmā ca pravibhāgārha iti siddhasādhyalakṣaṇāṃśadvayaviṣayaḥ padāpoddhāro dvividho nāmākhyātarūpaḥ | prāthamakalpikaḥ śaktiśaktimator abhedāt_ kārakātmā siddharūpo 'ṃśaḥ | yady api ca nāmapadānāṃ pratyayārthasya saṃkhyādeḥ śābdaṃ prādhānyaṃ tathāpy arthataḥ prātipadikārthasya jātyādyaṅkuritasya dravyasyaiva prādhānyaṃ siddharūpasya | saṃkhyākārakaśaktīnān tadāśrayatvād anayor eva ca nāmākhyātayor viśeṣatvān nipātopasargakarmapravacanīyalakṣaṇaḥ padabhedo 'ṃtarbhavati |
tathā hi | siddhārthābhidhāyi nāmapadam iti tadarthagataṃ viśeṣaṃ dyotayannipātaḥ tatraivāntarbhavati | siddhaṃ hy arthaṃ sākṣād vābhidadhātu tad_gataṃ viśeṣaṃ vā prakāśayatu neyatā bhedaḥ svarādayas tu kecit satvapradhānā eveti te 'pi nāmapadam eva | ye tu hirugādayaḥ kriyāpradhānāḥ, teṣām ākhyāte 'ṃtarbhāvaḥ | na hi tiṅantam evākhyātaṃ kriyāpradhānasya sarvasyaiva tallakṣaṇatvāt | ata evopasargakarmapravacanīyapadāny apy ākhyātapadam eva sādhyārthaviśeṣadyotanāt | evaṃ nipāto 'pi | tad_gatabhedāntaravivakṣāyāṃ tu nipātopasargayor api kaiścit pṛthakkaraṇam | tathā hi asty evāpoddhāre 'rthamātrāviśeṣo 'nayoḥ | na hy etau sākṣād arthavantaḥ api tu tad_gataviśeṣadyotakāv iti vācakābhyāṃ nāmākhyātābhyāṃ pravibhaktau | siddhasādhyārthaviṣayaviśeṣadyotakatvān nipātānāṃ sādhyaikaniyatatvāc copasargāṇāṃ paraLsparato bhedaḥ | karmapravacanīyās tu kriyāviśeṣopajanitasambandhāvacchedahetava iti sambandhaviśeṣadyotanadvāreṇa kriyāviśeṣaprakāśanā upasargeṣv evāntarbhavantīti caturdhaiva kaiścit padaṃ bhinnam |
sākṣāt kriyāviśeṣaprakāśanābhāvāt tad api pañcamaṃ padam iti kaiścit | tathā hi | karma proktavantaḥ karmapravacanīyā iti, atikrāntakriyākhyānalakṣaṇasya vyāpārasyātra sambhavo na tu vartamānasyety upasargebhyo bhedaḥ | kriyāgataviśeṣadyotanapūrvakaṃ hi sambandhāvacchedanam atra vartamānam | tathā hi sarvaḥ sambandhaḥ kriyākṛtaḥ | upakārakriyocitatvāt tasya, kriyām antareṇa upakārābhāvāt | tatra kvacit kriyāśabdaḥ śrūyate kvacin na | yatra śrūyate tatra śrauta eva sambandhaviśeṣāvasāyaḥ | tad yathā mātuḥ smarati mātuḥ smṛtam sarpiṣo jānīta ityādau | kriyā hi svabhāvād eva kriyāntaravyavadhānam antareṇa dravyaiḥ saṃyujyate | yasmān mātāpitṛviṣaye pravarttate 'vatiṣṭhate vā tasmān mātāpitṛsambandhīdaṃ smaraṇam iti kriyākārakabhāvapūrvaka evāyam api sambandha iti varṇayanti |
aśrute tu kriyāpade dvayī gatiḥ | kvacit sambandhisvarūpamahimnaiva kriyākṣepasiddheḥ pratiniyatakriyākārakabhāvapūrvakatvaṃ śeṣasambandhasya vinaiva karmapravacanīyam avagamyate | tad yathā upagor apatyaṃ vṛkṣasya śākhetyādāv apatyāpatyavatsambandho janikriyānimitto 'vayavāvayavisambandhaś ca sthitikriyānimitta ityādi | kvacit tu sambandhānāṃ pratiniyatakriyāpūrvakatvāvadhāraṇe nāsti sāmarthyaṃ | tad yathā rājñaḥ puruṣa ity atra svasvāmibhāvo bharaṇādyanekakriyānimitta ity evāvagamyate | kriyāviśeṣo nāvadhāryate tannimittabhūtaḥ | tathā ca bhāṣyaṃ, yad etat svaṃ nāma tac caturbhiḥ prakārair bhavati bharaṇād apaharaṇāt krayaṇād yāñcayeti | dānādīnāṃ tv anyatamāvinābhāvāt kriyā 'numīyata eva | kvacit tv avinābhāvinī kriyāpi na pratīyate tathā caivaṃ_ jātīyake viṣaye karmapravacanīyo niyataviśiṣṭakriyākṛtatvasambandhasya viśeṣam avagamayati | tad uktaṃ janayitvā kriyā kācit sambandhaṃ vinivarttate | śrūyamāṇe kriyāśabde sambandho jāyate kvacit | sa copajātaḥ sambandho vinivṛtte kriyāpade | karmapravacanīyena tatra tatra niyamyate iti | niyamas tasya niyatakriyājanitatvaṃ | tathā hi śākalyasya saṃhitām anu prāvarṣat_ iti yo 'yaṃ saṃhitāpravarṣaṇayor hetuhetumadbhāvalakṣaṇaḥ sambandhaḥ sa nipaṭhakriyātanita ity anunā vedyate | anuniśamyety atrānor niśamayaLtikriyāsāhacaryopalabdher iha sampāṭharūpatvāt saṃhitāyās tadanumānasyaucityāt tatra kriyāvacanatvam asyānyatra dṛṣṭaśakter na kalpyam |
dyotyārthaniṣṭhaṃ ca dyotakatvam iti tad api kriyāpadāprayogād atra nāsti | na ca kriyāpadākṣepakatvaṃ, yathā prādeśaṃ viparilikhatīty atra ver lekhanāsamanvayānupapatter nirmātikriyākṣepakatvaṃ | kārakavibhaktir hy atra prādeśam iti dvitīyeti yuktas tatsamucitakriyākṣepaḥ | iha tu saṃhitām iti śaiṣikīyaṃ vibhaktir iti kathaṃ kriyākṣepaḥ | kriyākārakayor eva parasparam ākṣepyākṣepakabhāvasyāvinābhāvena yāpyatvāt_ tad yathā praviśa piṇḍīm ityādau | nāpi sambandhavācitvam atrānoḥ | vibhaktyaiva tadabhidhānād iti sambandhāvacchadasya pratyāyako nānyaḥ sambhavatīti pāriśeṣyād anor atra sāmarthyam adhyavasīyate | tad uktam | kriyāyā dyotako nāyaṃ sambandhasya na vācakaḥ | nāpi kriyāpadākṣepī sambandhasya tu bhedaka iti || bhedako viśeṣako dyotaka ity arthaḥ | ayam atra bhāvaḥ | yad ananyathāsiddhaṃ tatrānor vyāpārakalpanā yuktā | yat punar anyathā 'rthasāmarthyādinā sidhyati na tatra tasya śaktiḥ kalpayituṃ pāryata iti padāntarāṇām arthāntaraniveśāt sambandhaviśeṣasya tato 'navagatasya karmapravacanīyaviṣayatā siddhā | nanu ca yad atrādhikyaṃ vākyārthaḥ sa iti kriyāviśeṣajanitatvalakṣaṇaḥ sambandhasyāvacchedo vākyārthaḥ kim iti na kathyate anos tu paścādbhāvamātravṛttitvam eveti |
atrocyate | ihādhikyaṃ vākyārthatvenocyamānaṃ padārthapṛṣṭhapātitvenaivānusaraṇīyaṃ na tu padārthollaṅghanena | tattadvākyopāttasya hi sādhyasya vā viśeṣyasya vopāttair eva sādhanair viśeṣaṇaiś ca saṃsargas tatrādhikyam | tad yathā | śuklām ānaya nīlotpalam iti ca | ata evocyate āśrayāśrayiṇor vākyān niyamas tv avatiṣṭhate iti | iyaṃ cānupāttasyaiva padārthasya vākyārthāt pratītir nāstīti na sambandhāvacchedo 'trāpadārtho vākyārthaḥ śakyate kalpayitum iti karmapravacanīyaviṣaya evāyam | yad vakṣyati | nimittaniyamaḥ śabdāt sambandhasya na gṛhyate | karmapravacanīyais tu svaviśeṣe virudhyate iti | atra ca darśanadvayaṃ | svarūpeṇaiva sambandhāntaravilakṣaṇaḥ karmapravacanīyena sambandho 'vaccchidyate kriyāviśeṣajanitatvena veti | tatra svarūpeṇāvacchede viśiṣṭakriyājanitatvapratītiḥ sambandhiviśeṣaparyālocanālabhyā | tathā hi | adhibrahmadatte pañcālā iti svasvāmibhāvo 'yaṃ sambandha ity adhinā vedyate | brahmadattaś ca svāmīLśvaraḥ pañcālāś ca janapadaḥ svam iti tayoḥ sambandhinoḥ paripālanakarādānādikriyāprabhāvita eva sambandho nyāyya ity avagamyate | evam abhimanyur arjunataḥ pratīti pratinā sādṛśyalakṣaṇo 'yaṃ sambandha iti dyotyate | sa punaḥ sambandhisvarūpaparyālocanād atra saṃpraharaṇādikriyākṛta ity avagamyate | itthaṃ ca śākalyasaṃhitām anu prāvarṣad ity atrāpi hetuphalabhāvo nāmāyaṃ sambandha ity etāvaty evāyam anur viśrāmyati | pāṭhaviśeṣarūpatvāt saṃhitāyā niśamanakriyāvagatiḥ | śabdaśravaṇena hi devo 'varṣad iti sambandhamahimnā viśiṣṭakriyāprabhāvitatvam avasīyate | kecid iyān anor eva vyāpāra ity āhuḥ |
svarūpāvacchede 'pi ca kriyāyāḥ kāryabhūtasambandhāpekṣayātītatvāt | karma proktavanta ity arthas tamanvety eva | vastutaḥ kriyāphalasyaiva sambandhasya prakāśanāt | yathā tu tatrabhavat_bhartṛhares tatra tatrābhiprāyo lakṣyate tathā nimittaviśeṣāvaccheda eva karmapravacanīyakṛta iti rāddhāntaḥ | adhibrahmadatte pañcālā iti paripālanakriyāhetutvaṃ svasvāmibhāvasyādhinā vyajyate | abhimanyur arjunataḥ pratīty atra parājayādikṛto 'nukāryānukaraṇabhāvaḥ pratinā prakāśyata ityādi sarvatra yojyam | sustutam atistutam ityādau tu suḥ pūjāyām atir atikramaṇe cetyādinā karmapravacanīyasaṃjñādhikārikī svārthanirapekṣaivopasargasaṃjñābādhanāya pravartate | yathoktam | karmapravacanīyatvaṃ kriyāyoge vidhīyate | ṣatvādivinivṛtyarthaṃ svatyādīnāṃ hi dharmaṇām iti | ārthena tu rūpeṇa vibhāge prastute kriyāviśeṣāvadyotakatvād upasargapade svatyādir antarbhavatīti nāvyāptiḥ | tad evaṃ vākyād apoddhriyamāṇasya padasyāpoddhārārthaviśeṣāśrayeṇa yathāsambhavaṃ bhedo niraṃśakavākyavyutpattyupāyabhūtaḥ pradarśitaḥ | ata eva svādipadaṃ vākyavyutpattyanaṅgatvāc chāstre saṅketitaṃ subantapadavyutpattyupāyabhūtaṃ neha gaṇanārhaṃ prakṛtipratyayavad iti dṛṣṭāntapakṣanikṣiptam iti nāvyāptiḥ | padāt kilāsāv apoddhāro na vākyāt || 1 ||
tad itthaṃ padāpoddhāre pradarśite tadarthasyāpod_dhṛtasya siddhasādhyarūpadvayayogino matabhedena svarūpeṇa darśanārtham āha ||
Lpadārthānām apoddhāre jātir vā dravyam eva vā |
padārthau sarvaśabdānāṃ nityāv evopavarṇitau || 2 ||
Larthadvāreṇa padaṃ parīkṣyata iti darśanabhedena prathamam apoddhārapadārthavicāraḥ | tathā hi | sarveṣām api śabdānāṃ padarūpāṇāṃ nāmākhyātādisvabhāvānāṃ jātivādimate jātir evārtho na dravyam | dravyavādimate tu dravyam eva na jātiḥ | dvitīyena vāśabdena padārthāntaraṃ sūcitaṃ jātiviśiṣṭadravyābhidhānam iti | ata eva tad eva saṅkalanārūpaṃ padārthāv iti sphuṭīkṛtam | anyathā cārthe prakrānte vārthopasaṃhāro 'yaṃ nopapadyate | tadvad abhidhāne tv abhidhānaṃ tāvat_ dvayor api samānam | viramya vyāpārābhāvāc chabdasya | vārthas tu jātidravyayor guṇapradhānabhāvaḥ | yad vā prādhānyenaiva bhinnaviṣayatayā pāṇinidarśane jātidravye śabdenābhidhīyete ity ayam atra pakṣaḥ padārthāv ity uktaḥ | tatra nāmapadasya gaur ity āder gotvādijātiniyatakriyāviṣayasādhanaikārthasamavetasaṃkhyājātiviśeṣaṇabhāvamātrābhidheyāyā anāśrayāyā jāter anupapatteḥ | sāmarthyāt pratītaṃ dravyaṃ |
evam ākhyātapadasyāpi vibhinnakriyākṣaṇasamavetābhinnābhidhānapratyayahetukriyājātiviṣayā sākṣād vācakaśaktiḥ | kārakādijātis tv atra guṇabhūtā nāmapadagatayā ca kārakajātyā kriyājātir ākhyātapadagatā vyaktidvāreṇa samanvayam eti | dravyajātis tv ekārthasamavāyāt_ sādhanaśaktidvāreṇa kriyāyogam anubhavati | saṃkhyājātir apy ekārthasamavāyāt svavyaktyātmanā śaktimukhenaiva kriyānvayam etīti sarvapadārthasamanvayopapattau kalpate vākyārthaḥ | yathā cotkṣepaṇādikṣaṇair asamayabhāvibhir apy āvṛttyotkṣepaṇatvādijātir abhivyajyate tathā_'dhiśrayaṇādibhiḥ kriyākṣaṇaiḥ pacatyādikriyājātir iti vicārayiṣyate || vyaktidvārakaṃ cāsyā nityāyā api sādhyatvam upapadyate |
upasargādir apy atra darśane nāmākhyātasahabhāvī tadarthasya viśeṣāvadyotakatvāj jātipadārtha eva | viśeṣasya viśiṣṭaviśrāntasyaivāvasāyāt karmapravacanīyo 'pi saṃbandhajātiniṣṭha eva | guṇaśabdānām api śuklādīnāṃ guṇajātir vācyā saṃjñāśabdānām api ḍitthādiśabdānāṃ jātivācitvaṃ samarthayiṣyate |
tad itthaṃ vājapyāyanācāryamatena sārbatrikī jātipadārthavyavasthopapadyate || vyāḍimate tu sarvaśabdānāṃ dravyam arthaḥ tasyaiva sākṣāt kriyāsamanvayopapatter vākyārthāṅgatayā codanāviṣayatvāt | yathāha | codanāsu ca tasyārambhād iti | ekajātisamanvayavaśena cātra saṅketopapattiḥ | anabhidhīyamānā'pi jātir upalakṣaṇīkriyate śabdārthe, yathā gṛhādau kāLkādi | ākhyāte 'pi ca sā | bhavanādhāradravyaprādhānyaṃ vyāḍimate | devadattaḥ pacatīti dravyeṇaiva sākṣāt sāmānādhikaraṇyopapatteḥ | kriyā tu guṇabhūtātra, vyāpārāviṣṭaṃ hi dravyam ākhyātārthaḥ, idaṃ tad iti sarvanāmapratyavamarśayogyaṃ cātra dravyam iti sārvatrikīyaṃ vyavasthā | tathā ca vakṣyati | dravyadharmā padārthe tu dravye sarvo 'rtha ucyate iti | ata eva śuklādīnām api dravyapadārthatā siddhā | tattadupādhivyavacchinnaṃ vā brahma dravyaśabdavācyaṃ sarvaśabdānāṃ viṣaya iti vakṣyata eva | vyaktiparyāyo vā dravyaśabda iti jātivyaktivikalpena sarvaśabdaviṣayaḥ, tathā ca sarvaśabdānām ity abhidhānāt | padād apy apoddhāre prakṛtipratyayarūpasyāpi śabdasya yathāyogaṃ kriyākārakasaṃkhyādir apoddhārapadārtho jātivyaktibhedena samāmnātaḥ | ubhayasyāpi vā śabdāt pratīter ubhayaṃ padārthaḥ | guṇapradhānabhāvabhedā'śrayas tu matavikalpaḥ | nityatvopavarṇanaṃ ca siddhe śabdārthasaṃbandhe ity atra bhāṣye yasmiṃs tatvaṃ na vihanyate iti dravyasyāpi nityatvam | pravāhanityatayā śabdāt sadaiva pratīteḥ || 2 ||
(From page 11)
tad evam etad anantarakāṇḍe darśanadvayam upapāditam iti yathāsambhavaṃ pratinidhiś ca cintitaḥ | idānīṃ jātau śabdenābhidhīyamānāyāṃ Ltatra jātyantarābhāvān nirnimittā śabdasya pravṛttir āyātety āśaṅkyopapādayitum āha ||
svā jātiḥ prathamaṃ śabdaiḥ sarvair evābhidhīyate |
tato 'rthajātirūpeṣu tadadhyāropakalpanā || 6 ||
svā asādhāraṇī ātmīyā gośabdatvādikā na tu sakalaśabdasādhāraṇī śabdatvādiḥ | evaṃ cāsādhāraṇatvena viśeṣaṇāt tayā sambandhāvyabhicāraḥ | śabdasyārthajātyā sambandhavyabhicāraḥ | śabdasyārthajātyā sambandhavyabhicāre 'pīti svā jātir eva mukhyam abhidheyam ity uktaṃ bhavati | tathā ca vākyakāraḥ na vā śabdapūrvako hy arthe sampratyaya iti | ata evāvyabhicāriṇyā svarūpajāter arthajātyabhidhāne śabdasya nāntarīyakam abhidhānam iti prathamam ity āha | yadabhedena yatpratipattiḥ tad avaśyaṃ tatra pratipattavyam ity etāvatātra prāthamyaṃ na tu krameṇābhidhānam | yad vā sambandhavyutpattikālāpekṣaṃ prāthamyam | tathā hi sambandhavyutpattikāle 'rthajātyā nāsti sambandhaḥ | tathātve vācakatvena tatra viniyogo 'narthakaḥ syāt | arthasya pratipannatvād iti so 'rthas tāvat tena śabdena na pratipannaḥ | yadi ca svajātyabhidhānaṃ tadānīṃ na syāt, tadānarthakatvād vibhaktiyogo na syād iti prāk saṃjñinābhisambandhāt saṃjñā rūpapadārthikety uktaṃ | rūpaṃ hi svarūpaṃ svājātir vā iti darśanabhedena kathyate | sarvair iti | svarūpaparair arthaparaiś ca tasyā eva svarūpatayā vyavahārāc chabdasvarūpeṇāvasthitā jātiḥ pratipadyate | arthasya jhaṭity eva śabdasvarūpābhedenāvabodhe 'pi yathāpratipāditakramāśrayeṇa tataḥ svajātipratyāyanād anantaram arthajātīnāṃ gotvādīnām ātmasu tasyāḥ śabdajāteḥ samāropasya kalpanā na paramārthaḥ śabdavivartatvenārthasya śabdāt tatvato bhedābhāvāt |
yad vā sambandhavyutpattikāle gaur ayam artha ity arthajātyā śabdajāter atyantabhedāt sāmānādhikaraṇyānyathānupapattyā'bhedādhyāropaḥ kalpyate | yathā gaur vāhīka iti | anyathā saṅketasyaiva kartum aśakyatvāt | yathā cāyam anādir apauruṣeyo vācyavācakabhāvaḥ tathādhyāropo 'pi | anyathā vācyavācakabhāva eva na ghaṭeta | tathā bauddhasya dṛśyavikalpārthaikīkāro bhedānadhyavasāyalakṣaṇaḥ | nanu yathā gaur vāhīka ity atra puruṣecchayā 'dhyāropaḥ | vyavahāre śabdārthayoḥ sadaivābhedāvasāyāt kaLtham iyaṃ prativarṇam anabhivyaktā sādhāraṇī jātir asamasamayabhāvibhir varṇair abhivyajyata iti cet_ yathotkṣepaṇatvādijātir iti brūmaḥ | tathā hi pratyekaṃ karmakṣaṇānām upavyañjakatve 'pi yaḥ prathama utkṣepaṇakṣaṇaḥ sa paramāṇumātradeśākramaṇamātrarūpatvāt_ bhramaṇakṣaṇāt_ sārūpyavaśād anavadhāryamāṇabheda ekaiko 'samartho niyatajātyabhivyañjana iti kṣaṇāntaram apekṣate | na ca tasya bhramaṇakṣaṇād viśeṣo nāsti upakrama evotkṣipāmīty evaṃ prayatnajanitatvāt | evaṃ gośabdam uccārayāmīty ayaṃ prayatno yady api gaganaśabdajanakāt prayatnād anya eva hetubhedāc ca gakārayor api bheda eva tathāpi sādṛśyād asau duravadhāra iti vyañjako 'pi san_ prathamo dhvanir asphuṭam abhivyanaktīty āvartamāno 'pi na viśadatarasāmānyaviśeṣābhivyaktau hetuḥ | yadā tv avayavaprabandhaḥ krameṇopalabdho bhavati, atha śabdajātiviśeṣopādhiyuktā vyavahārā avatiṣṭhante | tadānīṃ sāhacaryāt parasparāvacchedavaśena vilakṣaṇatayā pratibhāsanāt | yathā ca ślokaḥ sakṛt paṭhyamāno nāvadhāryate abhyāsena tu sphuṭāvabhāsaḥ, tathā caramatvena vicakāsti ratnatatvavat sphoṭatatvam | prathamākṣareṇa hi jāter ābhāsamātraṃ janyate taduttarottaravarṇakalāpena tu sphuṭatarasphuṭanaparicchedādhānaṃ | saṃskāraviśeṣotpādanadvāreṇābhivyaktiviśeṣasya ratnatatvādau dṛṣṭeḥ | tasmāc chabdād arthaṃ pratipadyāmahe iti vyavahārād varṇānām arthāvasāyajanakatvānupapatteḥ prakriyābhaṅgasya prathamakāṇḍa eva vihitatvān niravayavaṃ pratyāyakaṃ śabdatatvaṃ jātivyaktibhedena bhinnaṃ sphoṭasvabhāvam evāṅgīkāryaṃ | gaur ayam artha iti ca vācakābhedena vācyapratīteḥ tadadhyāsakhacitavapur vyavavahāryo 'rthaḥ | tatra ca svarūpasya vācyatā prathamakāṇḍa eva nirṇītā iha tu sambandhasamuddeśe 'pi nirṇeṣyate || 6 ||
tatraitat syāc chabdasamavāyi sāmānyaṃ vyadhikaraṇatvātt katham arthajātim abhedena vyapadiśed ity āśaṅkya nidarśanenaitad_ vyutpādayati ||
yathā rakte guṇe tatvaṃ kaṣāye vyapadiśyate |
saṃyogisannikarṣāc ca vastrādiṣv api gṛhyate || 7 ||
tathā śabdārthasambandhāc chabde jātir avasthitā |
vyapadeśe 'rthajātīnāṃ jātikāryāya kalpate || 8 ||
Lrakte guṇe tatvam | tasya raktasya guṇasya bhāvo raktatvaṃ lauhityasāmānyaṃ guṇavyaktisamavetam ucyate | tatsamavetasamavāyāt kaṣāye raktaguṇādhāre dravye vyapadiśyate vyapadeśāya kalpate | tadviśeṣaṇabhūtaṃ hi tat kaṣāyadravyam abhidhīyate, lohitā lākṣeti | tena saṃyogino vastrādayaḥ, tayoḥ saṃyoginoḥ kaṣāyavastrayoḥ saṃnikarṣaḥ saṃbhedaḥ, tasmān nimittāt tatrāpi tallauhityaṃ gṛhyate | saṃyuktasamavetasamavāyād vastrādiṣv api lauhityanimitto vyapadeśaḥ | lohitaṃ vastram ity arthaḥ | tathā śabdārthasambandhād iti | lohitaguṇakaṣāyadravyasambandhasthānīyāt samānādhikaraṇatayāvasthitāt_ svābhāvikāt tathā kevalaṃ vyutpattikāle nirjñātāt tadanyathānupapattyaivādhyāropasya kalpanāt sambandhād eva śabdajātyā vyapadeśaḥ | athātrārthajātis tasyā eva vācyatvaṃ prakramya vyapadeśe kalpate svarūpābhedena jātikāryāya kalpate | jātyādiśabde jātiṣu vācakatvena pravarttamāne sthitā jātir na kevalaṃ vyapadeśāya kalpate yāvaj jātikāryāya ca | atha vā vyapadeśe sati jātikāryāya kalpata ity arthaḥ | niḥsāmānyāni sāmānyānīty arthaḥ | jātīnāṃ svato jātirahitatve tatkāryaṃ śabdapratyayānuvṛttilakṣaṇam | śabdārthayoḥ so 'yam ity abhedena sambandhāc chabdasamavāyinī jātir arthenādhyāropitābhedā sampādayantī tadātmanā sampadyata ity upacaryate | vyaktirūpe ca śabde jāteḥ samavāyo na tu varṇeṣv iti avasthitety upapadyate | varṇānāṃ hi yaugapadyābhāvād avācakatvam iti kathaṃ tatra śabdajāteḥ samavāyaḥ syāt | kevalaṃ sphoṭasya jātivyaktibhedena darśanadvayam iti vyaktisphoṭe jātiḥ samavetā | arthabhedena hi bhinnasya nityaśabdasyābhinnābhidhānapratyayahetur jātir avaśyābhyupagantavyā | ata eva tayā churitāyā vyakter eva vācakattvam | upalakṣaṇabhūtā tu jātir āśrīyate iti katham atrānanuyāyinyā vyakter vācakatvam iti na codanīyam |
śabdārthasambandhaś cātra yogyatālakṣaṇo 'mipretaḥ, sarvo hi śabdaḥ saṃjñātvena niyujyamānaḥ sarvatrārthe yogyatālakṣaṇena sambandhena sambaddhaḥ | kevalaṃ śaktyavacchedamātre saṃjñākarttur vyāpāro na tv apūrvasaṅketakaraṇe, arthasambandhasyāpauruṣeyatvāt | evaṃ cādaikṣu vṛddhiśabdo nāpūrva eva saketita iti sarveṣām anekārthatvāt_ vaktrabhedād vānekatve samānākārapratyayanibandhanaṃ jātir eṣaṇīyā | tad yathā ākāśasya saṃyogibhedena kalpitabhedasyānekatve saty ākāśatvaṃ vakṣyate | na caivaṃ Lsarvasmāt sarvārthapratītiprasaṅgaḥ | prasiddhivaśenārthapratīteḥ kutra_cit kasyacit prasiddhatvāt | prasiddhānāṃ cārthānām arthaprakaraṇādayo vibhāgahetava uktāḥ | tad yathā gośabdena navasvartheṣu sannihiteṣv api prakaraṇādeḥ pratiniyatārthāvasāyaḥ | tad evaṃ śabdajātyā śabdavyaktir vācikā prathamam abhedena vyapadiśyate tato 'rthajātiḥ tatas tad vyaktir ity ayaṃ vāstavaḥ kramaḥ | pratyāyane tu akramataiva |
śabdācchuritatve 'pi cārthasya na svarūpavyapagamaḥ | yathā hy ālokācchurito 'pi ghaṭo na svarūpeṇa tirobhavati evaṃ śabdasvarūpoparakto 'rthaḥ | svarūpāropeṇa śabdālokayor arthaprakāśakatvasyaivamvidhasya dṛṣṭeḥ | yathā ca gaur vāhīka ity atra na gotvamātraṃ pratīyate api tu adhyāropitagorūpo vāhīkaḥ | evam ihāpi | na tu sphaṭikamaṇāv ivārthe śabdajāteḥ samāveśo vivakṣitaḥ tasyaiva vāhīkavat pratyāyyatvāt | svābhāvikaś cāyam arthapratyāyane śabdānām abhedasambandho 'bhyupāya iti pratipādyo 'pi tathaiva pratipadyate | na hi puruṣādhīnam etat | anādau saṃsāre 'nenaiva prakāreṇa sambandhavyutpatteḥ ko 'tra niyamato 'dhyāropayitā kalpyatām | avyutpannasaṅketasyāpi cābhinnapratyayotpatter arthajātir apy astīti na śabdajātir evādhyāropitā'stv iti vācyaṃ | śābdī ceyam evamvidhā pratītir iti cākṣuṣeṇa raktādipratyayena nidarśanabhūtena vyutpāditā | vastusanniveśitvābhāve 'pi ca śabdajāter ayam anādir adhyāropo rūḍhaḥ | sadaiva vyavahāre śabdārthayor abhedāvasāyād bhedasyāpi ca gaur vāhīka iti_vat_ pratijñānān mithyājñānam idaṃ na bhavati | prāk sambandhasamvedanasamayād arthajātayo bhedenāvabhānty eva | avyutpannasaṅketasya bālakasya puro 'vasthiteṣu sāsnādimatsu piṇḍeṣu bhinnaḥ pratyaya utpadyate tadā vācakasannidhānābhāvād abhinnapratyayahetur arthajātir avadhāryate | ata eva kathaṃ bhedena tadanirdhāritāyām arthajātau śabdajātiḥ samāropyata ityādi na codanīyam || 7 || 8 ||
jātikāryāya kalpata ity uktam evārtham abhivyanakti ||
jātiśabdaikaśeṣe sā jātīnāṃ jātir iṣyate |
śabdajātaya ity atra tajjātiḥ śabdajātiṣu || 9 ||
ākṛtyabhidhānād vaikavibhaktau vājapyāyana iti jātipakṣe pratyākhyānād ekaśeṣasya, tatphalam ekaśabdaprayogo 'traikaśeṣa uktaḥ | sahavivaLkṣā caikaśeṣeṇa lakṣyate | jātiśabdaikaśeṣe prasakta iti vā yojanīyaṃ | seti śabdajātiḥ | arthajātīnām abhedena pratyavasyamānā jātiśabdagatā jātir ekaśabdatvaṃ, sampādayati jātikāryaṃ | tad yathā gāvau vṛkṣā ityādir abhinnasāmānyanibandhanas tadekārthasamavāyāt samāśritaviśiṣṭasaṃkhya ekaśabdaprayogaḥ | tathā jātaya imā ity ayam api jātyāśrayāparajātyabhāvād vācakajātyadhyāsāśraya upapadyate | śabdagataṃ ca sāmānyaṃ jātivācakakāryam upacaratīty ucyate na tv arthajātiṣv eveti niyamaḥ kena_cit kriyata iti | yadā śabdajātayo 'pi pratyāyyāḥ tadā''sv apy abhidhānagataṃ jātikāryāya kalpata evety āha śabdajātaya ity atreti | tajjātiḥ śabdagataṃ sāmānyam | śabdajātaya imā ity atraikapadaprayoge tasyoccaritasya śabdajātiśabdasya yā jātiḥ sā śabdajātiṣu gośabdatvādikāsu vyaktisthānīyāsu pratipādyāsv abhinnaśabdaprayoge nibandhanam ity arthaḥ || 9 ||
yady evaṃ śabdajātiḥ śabdagatānām api jātīnām anyā vācakajātis tāsām apy anyety anavasthāprasaṅga ity āśaṅkyāha ||
yā śabdajātiḥ śabdeṣu śabdebhyo bhinnalakṣaṇā |
jātiḥ sā śabdajātitvam apy atikramya varttate || 10 ||
prayoktṛbhedād_ bahuṣu śabdajātiśabdeṣu abhinnāpratyayanibandhanā yā jātis tebhya eva śabdebhyaḥ svāśrayabhūtebhyo bhinnasvabhāvā sā gośabdatvādiśabdajātivargāntaḥpātinī na tu vyapadeśāntarārhā | śabdajātiśabdasyāpi gośabdatvādivat_ śabdajātaya ity anenaivaikaśabdaprayoge sāpi pratyāyyata iti na prayogānavasthāpattir ity abhiprāyaḥ || 10 ||
tad evaṃ svanikāyasiddhādhyāsadarśanāśrayeṇa sārvatrikī jātipadārthavyavasthā darśitā | svarūpabhūtā hi jātiḥ sarveṣāṃ | śabdānām antaraṅgatvād asādhāraṇatvād aheyattvāc ca prathamaṃ pratipādyā | idānīm adhyāsānāśrayeṇāpi prauḍhavāditayā jātipadārthavyāptim upapādayitum āha ||
arthajātyabhidhāne 'pi śabdajātyabhidhāyinaḥ |
vyāpāralakṣaṇā yasmāt padārthāḥ samavasthitāḥ || 11 ||
Lanyathā cātra sambandhaḥ | tathā hi, śabdajāter arthajātīnāṃ jātikāryaṃ, sambandhavyutpattis tu na ghaṭate | sa yatra hi saṅketas tatra śabdajātir adhyasyate | sa eva tv anekatvād arthajātīnāṃ sāmānyāntaram antareṇa na sambhavatīty āha | artha_jātyabhidhāne 'pi ityādi | yadāpi śuddhā evārthajātayaḥ śabdair abhidhīyanta ity āśrīyate tadāpi sarve jātyabhidhāyino jātyādiśabdā api tadā jātivācina eva | nanu niḥsāmānyāni sāmānyānīti siddhāntāt kathaṃ jātyādiśabdā api jātyādhārāṃ jātim abhidadhyur ity āha | vyāpāralakṣaṇā iti | vyāpāraḥ kāryaṃ prayojanaṃ tad eva lakṣyate 'neneti lakṣaṇaṃ hetur yeṣāṃ padapratyāyyānām arthānāṃ te tathā niyamitasvarūpāḥ | ayam āśayaḥ | vaiśeṣikādīnāṃ bhavantu niḥsāmānyāni sāmānyāni, tāni hi vyaktiṣv anvayapratyayāvaseyāni paropādhirūpāṇi svatantravyaktivadidantāvabhāsitvābhāvāt_ sāmānyāntareṇa nopādhīyante | vaiyyākaraṇānāṃ śabdārtho 'rtha ity abhyupeyatām anvayirūpāvacchedena śābdasya pratyayasyotpatter jātiṣv api jātir aviruddhā_'bhyupagamyā | etad eva hi vyaktiṣv api jātyabhyupagame nimittam ity atrāpi tathābhyupagame kaḥ pradveṣaḥ | pratyakṣā api ca padārthāḥ svakāryaṃ vijñānādikaṃ kurvantaḥ, santīti vyavahriyante, kiṃ punaḥ śabdavācyāḥ padārthā iti sāmānyavacanād_ dravyādayo 'pi śabdavācyatvenaiva lakṣyante | śabdapramāṇakānāṃ hi yacchabda āha, tat paramārtharūpaṃ | tathā cānvayirūpeṇa guṇo 'py abhidhīyamāno jātir eva, yathopamāsamāse śyāmādiḥ | tathā copamānāni sāmānyavacanair ity ucyate |
evaṃ kriyā_'py abhedenābhidhīyamānā jātiḥ | tathedaṃ tad iti svātantryeṇa viśeṣyatayābhidhīyamānā jātiguṇakriyā api dravyam iti yathāvasaram agre nirṇeṣyata eva | etac ca laukikavyavahārānuguṇyena śāstre 'smin_ vyutpādyate | śāstrāntaraprasiddhā hi vyavasthā lokaviruddhā | loke hi gavi śṛṅgam, vṛkṣe śākheti vyavahāraḥ | tathaiva ca vyākaraṇe 'py ādhārasaptamī | śāstrāntare tv avayaveṣv avayavīti śṛṅge gauḥ śākhāyāṃ vṛkṣa iti syāt | itthaṃ ca śabdābhidheyasyehārthatvāt sarve jātyabhidhāyino yasmāt_ śabdavyāpāreṇa padārthā lakṣyante, yady api bahir vastūni na santi tathāpi śabdais tathā pratyāyyante 'to 'bhidhāvyāpāravaśād anvayirūpeṇa prattyāyanād vyāptir jātau padārthe siddhety eṣo L'py arthaḥ,
abhidhāvyāpāralakṣaṇatvam eva vyaktayati ||
jātau padārthe jātir vā viśeṣo vāpi jātivat |
śabdair apekṣyate yasmād atas te jātivācinaḥ || 12 ||
jātau padārthe iti pakṣāvacchedaṃ karoti | atra hi pakṣe sarva eva śabdo jātivācīty abhyupagantavyaṃ | bhavatu mā vā bhūj jātiṣu jātiḥ, śabdais tu jātir vyatiriktayā jātyaikasvabhāvaivāpekṣyate pratyāyyatvenā'ṅgīkriyate | svālakṣaṇyena hi vastūnāṃ bhedaḥ śabdaiḥ spraṣṭuṃ na śakyate, anvayirūpāveśena sambandhavyutpattau śabdasya vācakatvāt tathā ca jātīnām itaretarabhedo vastu san nābhidhīyate api tv abhedakalpena tā abhidhīyante | abhedaś ca sāmānyam iti siddham ekaśabdatvaṃ jātaya iti |
tathā yo 'pi viśeṣaḥ saṃjñāśabdānāṃ vācyaḥ pratītiniyataḥ, so 'pi jātivat prasiddhajātyā tulyam eva vakṣyate śabdaiḥ | tatrāpi bālyakaumārādyavasthābhedaḥ śabdena na spṛśyate 'pi tv avasthātṛrūpam evānugatam asiddhaṃ pratyabhijñāpratyayanimittaṃ tatrāvaśyābhyupagantavyaṃ | ato yasmāj jātivat sarvam apekṣyate śabdais tasmāj jātiṃ viśeṣaṃ vā pratipādayantaḥ sarve jātyabhidhāyina iti jātyabhidhānavyāptiṃ nigamayati | evañ ca saṃjñāśabdānām api jātivādimate jātiśabdattvam ity ekaiva śabdānāṃ pravṛttiḥ || 12 ||
evaṃ darśanāntare 'pi śabdavyāpārāśrayeṇaiva vyāptisiddhir ity āha ||
dravyadharmā padārthe tu dravye sarvārtha ucyate |
dravyadharmāśrayād_ dravyam ataḥ sarvo 'rtha iṣyate || 13 ||
na kevalaṃ mayaiva jātipadārthavādinaitad aṅgīkṛtaṃ sarvārtho jātir iti | yāvad dravye pi padārthe, dravyapadārthapakṣe 'pi dravyadharmā sarvārtha ucyate, kutaḥ dravyadharmāṇām āśrayaṇād dravyam ataḥ sarvārtha iṣyate, vyāptir ataḥ siddhā bhavatīty arthaḥ | dravyavādināpy etad abhyupetavyaṃ vyāptisiddhaye | śabdena yo 'rtha ucyate sarvo 'sau dravyadharmayukta evety abhiprāyaḥ | yathā tava dravyavādinaḥ kecid eva śabdā mukhyadravyavācinas tadanye tūpacaritadravyābhidhāyinaḥ | tathā mamāpi jātivādino mukhyāṃ jātim abhidadhati kecid upacaritām anya iti matadvaye 'pi sāmyaṃ | tatra dravyadharmā Lidaṃ tad iti pratyavamarśayogyatvaṃ, pariniṣpannāsvātantryaṃ, liṅgaṃ, saṅkhyāyogaś cety evam ādayaḥ | teṣāṃ śuklādiguṇeṣv adhyāropāt te 'pi dravyasyeva dharmo yeṣām iti dravyadharmāṇaḥ | tathā hi śuklo nīlaṃ strīpuṃsakāni sattvaguṇāḥ | tathaikattvādibhiḥ śabdaiḥ pratyāyyamānā guṇādayo dravyadharmāṇaḥ svātaṃtryādirūpeṇāvabhāsanta iti sarvo 'rtho dravyarūpeṇābhidhīyate || 13 ||
(From page 29)
sarvaśabdaviṣayatvam evābhivyanakti ||
tāṃ prātipadikārthaṃ ca dhātvarthaṃ ca pracakṣate |
sā nityā sā mahān ātmā tām āhus tvatalādayaḥ || 34 ||
sarvabhāveṣu sadrūpaṃ sāmānyam anugataṃ, abhāvasyāpi buddhyākāreṇa nirūpaṇāt | mahāsattayā'nayā'viyogāt_ prātipadikamātravācyā sattā | tad uktaṃ prātipadikārthaḥ satteti | dhātubhir api sādhanādhīnalabdhajanmasu kriyāvyaktiṣu samavetā yathopādhyupagṛhītanānātvā sattaivābhidheyatvam āpadyate | siddhasādhyarūpārthadvayātmanā ca tasyā eva vṛttes tadapararāśyabhāvāt_ sarvaśabdaviṣayatvaṃ sattāyāḥ | pratyayabhāgenāpy atra yaLthāyathaṃ saṃkhyākārakādyupādhiviśiṣṭā sattaivābhidhīyate | sā codayavyayarahitatvān nityā, satpratyayasya sarvadānuvṛtteḥ |
ete sattāmātrasyātmano mahato, yad viśeṣāḥ pariṇāmāḥ, yataḥ paraṃ viśeṣebhyo liṅgamātraṃ mahattattvam, tasminn ete sattāmātre mahaty ātmany avasthāya vivṛddhikāryyām anubhavanti | pratisaṃsṛjyamānāś ca tasmiṃś ca sattāmātre mahaty ātmany avasthāya yat tan niḥsattā'sattaṃ niḥsadasad avyaktam aliṅgaṃ tasmin pratiyantīty evaṃ sāṃkhye buddhitatvaṃ mahacchabdavācyam ādyaṃ jagatkāraṇaṃ nirdiṣṭam ity ato 'nantarasya vikāragrāmasya kāraṇarūpānugamāt sattārūpatvam aviruddham iti sattārūpaṃ sarvaṃ jagadākhyātaṃ bhavatīti sattādvaitavādaḥ sāṃkhyanayenābhyupavṛṃhitaḥ | evaṃ ca sarvaśabdavācyā sattā śabdapravṛttinimittabhūteti yathāyathaṃ bhinnopādhibhāvapratyayābhidheyā saiva | nanv evaṃ gotvam iti prakṛtipratyayayor ekārthatāprasaṅgaḥ | naitat | kriyāvibhedena sattāyā bhedāt | prātipadikena gavāśrayāyās tasyā abhidhānaṃ pratyayena tu niṣkṛṣṭāśrayasya sāmānyasyābhidhety adoṣaḥ | prakṛtyarthanimittaś ca bhāvapratyayabheda iti na sāṅkaryaprasaṅgaḥ |