Provisionary Edition Bhartṛhari's Dravyasamuddeśa, with the Prakīrṇaprakāśa commentary of Helārāja, edited by Charles Li Charles Li 2018 Cambridge LEd This is a provisionary critical edition of the text, currently still under active revision, based on thirteen manuscript witnesses and four printed sources. Bhartṛhari Helārāja Dravyasamuddeśa Prakīrṇaprakāśa Sanskrit in IAST transliteration. With commentary. 2018 CE United Kingdom Charles Li ((O,(L,(G1,G2))),(KEd,(D,(A,(K,V)))),((M,P),((LEd,(ŚEd,IEd)),(H,(T,CT))))); atha dravyasamuddeśaḥ prakāśaḥ

jātir vā dravyaṃ vā padārthāv ity uktam | tatra vājapyāyanadarśanena jātiṃ viśeṣaṇabhūtāṃ padārthaṃ vyavasthāpya vyāḍidarśanena viśeṣyabhūtaṃ dravyam api padārthaṃ vyavasthāpayituṃ yathādarśanaṃ tad eva paryāyāntarair uddiśati |

padārthānām apoddhāre jātir vā dravyam eva vā | padārthau sarvaśabdānāṃ nityāv evopavarṇitau || (Jātisamuddeśa 2, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, i, 8). ākṛtyabhidhānād vaikam vibhaktau vājapyāyanaḥ (Vārttika 34 ad Aṣṭādhyāyī 1.2.64, ed. Kielhorn, I, 242). dravyābhidhānaṃ vyāḍiḥ (Vārttika 45 ad Aṣṭādhyāyī 1.2.64, ed. Kielhorn, I, 244). jātir vā dravyaṃ vety evam ukta iti (Ṭīkā ad Vākyapadīya 2.79, ed. Subramania Iyer, II, 39). tatra vyāḍimate bhedo vākyārthaḥ, padavācyānāṃ dravyāṇāṃ dravyāntaranivṛttitātparyeṇābhidheyatvāt | jātivādino vājapyāyanasya tu mate saṃsargo vākyārthaḥ, samānyānāṃ padārthānāṃ saṃśleṣamātrarūpatvād vākyārthasya (Prakīrṇaprakāśa ad Jātisamuddeśa 5, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, i, 15). guṇo jātir vā viśeṣaṇam idaṃ dravyaṃ viśeṣyam iti (Prakīrṇaprakāśa ad Vṛttisamuddeśa 92-93, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, ii, 196). tathā ca jātyādir api viśeṣyatvena ced_ vivakṣitas tadā dravyam iti tīrthāntarīyadravyalakṣaṇānādarāt_ vyāḍidarśanena sārvatrikī dravyapadārthavyavasthā siddhyati | yathā vājapyāyanadarśane jātir anvitapratyayanimittaṃ sarvaśabdānām arthaḥ (Prakīrṇaprakāśa ad Bhūyodravyasamuddeśa 3, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, i, 188). jātiśabdārthavācino vājapyāyanasya mate gavādayaḥ śabdā bhinnadravyasamavetajātim abhidadhati.... dravyapadārthavādivyāḍinaye śabdasya vyaktir evābhidheyatayā pratibhāsate | jātis tūpalakṣaṇatayeti nānantyādidoṣāvakāśaḥ | pāṇinyācāryasyobhayaṃ saṃmatam (Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha, ed. Abhyankar, 307-308). ātmā vastu svabhāvaś ca śarīraṃ tattvam ity api | dravyam ity asya paryāyās tac ca nityam iti smṛtam || 1 || hetupratyayasaṃbhūtā paratantrā ca saṃvṛtiḥ | paratantra iti proktaḥ paramārthas tv akṛtrimaḥ || svabhāvaḥ prakṛtis tattvaṃ dravyaṃ vastu sad ity api | nāsti vai kalpito bhāvaḥ paratantras tu vidyate || (Acintyastava 44-45, ed. Tsuda, 50). Lindtner (154) also reads tu vidyate, while Tola & Dragonetti, following Tibetan sources, read na vidyate (18). Both Lindtner and Tola & Dragonetti read bhāvo, indicating an elided aparatantras following it; however, this seems to be a typo, since they translate it as relative (155) and dependent (33), respectively. nanu sūtre ‘svātmani’ iti śuddham upāttam, vṛttau tu ‘sarveṣām’ iti saṃbandhipadaṃ yad uktam, tat_ kuta ānīyeti āśaṅkamāna āha ‘sva’ iti | ātmaśabdo 'pi yady api ‘ātmā vastu svabhāvaś ca....................|’ iti dṛṣṭyā svabhāvavācī saṃbandhiśabdaḥ, tathāpi vaiśeṣikādidṛśi svatantra eva ātmapadārtha iti śaṅketāpi; svaśabdopādāne tu svabhāvavacanatā asya gamyate (Īśvarapratyabhijñāvivṛtivimarśinī, ed. Kaul Śāstrī, I, 41). nanu ātmaśabda eva ‘ātmā vastu svabhāvaś ca................|’ iti sthityā svabhāvavācī vyākhyāyiṣyate kiṃ svagrahaṇena iti | āha ‘svaśabdaḥ’ iti (Īśvarapratyabhijñāvivṛtivimarśinī, ed. Kaul Śāstrī, I, 47-48). ‘vastu’ iti pradhānaṃ dravyam.... yathā pūrvam uktaṃ ‘kiñcit_ vastu bhavati |’ iti ‘ātmā vastu svabhāvaś ca śarīram |’ iti ca (Īśvarapratyabhijñāvivṛtivimarśinī, ed. Kaul Śāstrī, III, 78-79).

ihārthakriyāyāṃ dravyam evopayujyata iti tad eva pravartakam arthinām | ataḥ śabdena tad evocyate | anabhidhīyamānā tu jātir avacchedikā guḍaśabde mādhuryādaya iveti dravyavādināṃ darśanam | dravyaṃ ca dvividham, pāramārthikaṃ sāṃvyavahārikaṃ ca | tatra dvitīyaṃ bhedyabhedakaprastāvena guṇasamuddeśe vakṣyati― «vastūpalakṣaṇaṃ yatre»tyādinā | anena ca dravyeṇa vyāḍidarśane sarve śabdā dravyābhidhāyino bhavanti |

tatraikeṣāṃ mādhuryādayo 'tyantam anabhidhīyamānā guḍādibhiḥ śabdaiḥ tām arthān [sajante] iti (Dīpikā ad Mahābāṣya Paspaśāhnika, ed. Bronkhorst, I, 15). nityatā cāpi dvividhā | vyavahārāśrayā paramārthāśrayā ca | ....dravye 'pi padārthe vyavahāranityatā (Dīpikā ad Mahābāṣya Paspaśāhnika, ed. Bronkhorst, I, 17-18). vastūpalakṣaṇaṃ yatra sarvanāma prayujyate | dravyam ity ucyate so 'rtho bhedyatvena vivakṣitaḥ || (Bhūyodravyasamuddeśa 3, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, i, 187). darśanād yathā guḍam upalabhya mādhuryam indriyāntaraviṣayaṃ pratipadyate | śravaṇād yathā guḍaśabdaṃ śrutvā mādhuryam aśabdakaṃ pratipadyata iti (Yuktidīpikā ad Sāṅkhyakārikā 4, ed. Wezler & Motegi, I, 73). yadā tu nābhidhīyate dravyam, tadānabhidhīyamānam abhidhīyamānāyā jāter guḍaśabda iva mādhuryāder bhedakam ity ātmādhāraliṅgasaṃkhyopahāreṇopakāritvād guṇa iti yujyate vaktum (Prakīrṇaprakāśa ad Vṛttisamuddeśa 336, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, ii, 305). na caitad vācyaṃ vākyasyaiva pratyāyakatvaṃ na padānāṃ, yato yathā guḍaśabdo guḍadravyam abhidhatte tathā pratyāyayaty api tadavinābhāvi mādhuryam (Śṛṅgāraprakāśa 6, ed. Raghavan, I, 345).

iha tu pāramārthikaṃ dravyaṃ nirūpyate | tathā hy ātmādvaitavādibhir ātmaśabdena tad dravyam uktam | ātmaiva hy upādhibhinnaṃ pratibhāsamānaṃ dravyaṃ padānām artha iti teṣāṃ darśanam ihaiva vakṣyamāṇam |

vastu svalakṣaṇam arthakriyākāri dravyam iti śākyair uktam |

yad arthakriyākāri tad eva vastv ity uktam (Pramāṇavārttikasvavṛtti, ed. Sankrityayana, 330).

svabhāva iti sattādvaitavādibhiḥ svabhāva ātmabhūtā satteti kṛtvā | tathā hi kramarūpopasaṃhāre sattaiva sattvam iti svasaṃbandhibhir upādhibhir upahitabhedā saiva dravyam |

saṃbandhibhedāt sattaiva bhidyamānā gavādiṣu.... kramarūpasya saṃhāre tat sattvam iti kathyate (Jātisamuddeśa 33-35, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, i, 42).

prakṛter ekadeśaḥ cetanaḥ puruṣaḥ, taddvāreṇa śarīraśarīriṇor avyatirekāc charīraṃ dravyaṃ pradhānam eveti prākṛtikaiḥ, śarīram evaika ātmā yeṣāṃ, taiḥ śarīrātmabhir ucyate |

tasmāt tatsaṃyogād acetanaḥ cetanāvad iva liṅgam | guṇakartṛtve ca tathā karteva bhavaty udāsīnaḥ || (Sāṅkhyakārikā 20, ed. Sharma, 22). tatra jarāmaraṇakṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ prāpnoti cetanaḥ puruṣaḥ (Sāṅkhyakārikā 55ab, ed. Sharma, 50). atrocyate 'cetanaṃ pradhānaṃ cetanaḥ puruṣaḥ iti... (Gauḍapādabhāṣya ad Sāṅkhyakārikā 57, ed. Sharma, 52). pratipakṣāḥ punas tasya puruṣeśāṇuvādinaḥ | vaināśikāḥ prākṛtikā vikārapuruṣās tathā (Yuktidīpikā, ed. Wezler & Motegi, I, 2). dvāv ātmanau | antarātmā śarīrātmā ca | antarātmā tat karma karoti yena śarīrātmā sukhaduḥkhe 'nubhavati | śarīrātmā tat karma karoti yenāntarātmā sukhaduḥkhe 'nubhavatīti (Mahābhāṣya ad Vārttika 9 ad Aṣṭādhyāyī 1.3.67, ed. Kielhorn, I, 292). deham evātmeti bārhaspatyāḥ (Siddhitraya Ātmasiddhi, ed. Ramanujacharya, 3). tac caitanyaviśiṣṭadeha evātmā (Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha Cārvākadarśana, ed. Abhyankar, 3).

tattvam iti caturbhūtatattvavādibhiś cārvākair dravyam ucyate | pṛthivy āpas tejo vāyur iti tattvāni, tatsamudāye śarīrendriyaviṣayasaṃjñeti vacanāt | tad evam etaiḥ paramārthata ekam eva vastūcyate |

pṛthivy āpas tejo vāyur iti tattvāni | tatsamudāye śarīrendriyaviṣayasaṃjñāḥ (Cārvāka Fragments I.2-3, Bhattacharya, 78). pṛthivy āpas tejo vāyur ākāśaṃ kālo dig ātmā mana iti dravyāṇi (Vaiśeṣikasūtra 1.1.4, ed. Jambūvijayajī, 2).

dravyam ity asyeti | dravyaṃ nāma yaḥ padārthaḥ, tasyaita eva paryāyāḥ | eteṣām eva pāramārthikarūpābhidhāyitvāt | nānye ghaṭādiśabdāḥ | saty api tadabhidhāyitve vakṣyamāṇanayenātmādiśabdānām eva sarvatra ghaṭādāv avyāhataprasaratvam | tathā ca bhāṣyam— eko 'yam ātmā udakaṃ nāma ity atrātmaśabda udake prayujyamāno dravyavacanaḥ | ākṛtidvāreṇa cānye śabdā dravye vartante | ime tu tatparityāgena mukhyayā vṛttyeti viśeṣaḥ | siddhe śabdārthasaṃbandhe ity atra dravyaṃ nityam ākṛtir anyā cānyā ca bhavati iti vadatā bhāṣyakāreṇa nityaṃ dravyaṃ smṛtam | saṃgrahoktasya tasyārthasyānuvādāt smṛtam ity āha |

kathaṃ punar jñāyate bhedakā guṇā iti | evaṃ hi dṛśyate loke | eko 'yam ātmodakaṃ nāma tasya guṇabhedād anyatvaṃ bhavati | anyad idaṃ śītam anyad idam uṣṇam iti (Mahābhāṣya ad Aṣṭādhyāyī 1.1.1, ed. Kielhorn, I, 41-42). siddhe śabdārthasaṃbandhe (Vārttika 1, Mahābhāṣya Paspaśāhnika, ed. Kielhorn, I, 6). ākṛtir anyā cānyā ca bhavati dravyaṃ punas tad eva (Mahābhāṣya Paspaśāhnika, ed. Kielhorn, I, 7). saṅgraha etat prādhānyena parīkṣitaṃ nityo vā syāt kāryo veti | tatroktā doṣāḥ prayojanāny apy uktāni | tatra tv eṣa nirṇayo yatheva nityo 'thāpi kārya ubhayathāpi lakṣaṇaṃ pravartyam iti || (Mahābhāṣya Paspaśāhnika, ed. Kielhorn, I, 6).

yady api śākyādidarśane nityaṃ na bhavati dravyaṃ tathāpi tanmatasyānabhyupagamād adoṣaḥ | kevalaṃ yad asmākaṃ dravyaṃ tad anyair evam abhidhīyata ity evam atropanyāsaḥ | yad vā bhāṣyānusāreṇa svarūpānyathātvānāpattiḥ, vikārabhede 'pi nityatvaṃ vivakṣitam atreti sarvatra tatsiddhiḥ || 1 ||

tatra kṣaṇikavādinām avicchedena pravṛttir yā sā nityatā (Dīpikā ad Mahābhāṣya Paspaśāhnika, ed. Bronkhorst, IV, i, 23).

evaṃ darśanāntarāśrayaṇenoddiṣṭeṣv api dravyabhedeṣu svasiddhāntāśrayeṇa sārvatrikīṃ dravyapadārthavyavasthāṃ kartum āha—

satyaṃ vastu tadākārair asatyair avadhāryate | asatyopādhibhiḥ śabdaiḥ satyam evābhidhīyate || 2 || asatyopādhi yat satyaṃ tad vā śabdanibandhanam (Vākyapadīya 2.127ab, ed. Subramania Iyer, 61). jātyādayas tu bhedakā dravyasya sattvam vaktum | upādhibhūtās te śabdasyeti (Dīpikā ad Mahābhāṣya Paspaśāhnika, ed. Bronkhorst,IV, i, 15). asatyopādhi yat satyaṃ tad vā śabdanibandhanam (Tattvasaṃgraha 889ab, ed. Krishnamacharya, I, 284). anye tu āhuḥ— yad asatyopādhi satyaṃ sa śabdārtha iti | tatra śabdārthatvenāsatyā upādhayo viśeṣā valayāṅgulīyakādayo yasya satyasya, sarvabhedānuyāyinaḥ suvarṇādes sāmānyātmanaḥ, tat satyam asatyopādhi | śabdanibandhanam iti | śabdapravṛttinimittam abhidheyam ity arthaḥ (Pañjikā ad Tattvasaṃgraha 889ab, ed. Krishnamacharya, I, 284). dravyapadārthavādino pi naye saṃvillakṣaṇaṃ tattvam eva sarvaśabdārtha iti saṃbandhasamuddeśe samarthitam -- satyaṃ vastu... (Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha, ed. Abhyankar, 306).

iha sarvaśabdānāṃ pāramārthikaṃ tattvaṃ sākṣāt spraṣṭum aśaktānām anekopādhiviṣayanihitapadānāṃ tadrūpolliṅganaṃ vyavahāre samālakṣyate | upādhīnāṃ cāgamāpāyavaśavidhuritanijasvarūpāṇām arthisārthasamāśāpūraṇapratihataśaktitvān na tāvaty eva paryavasānam ity upalakṣitarūpapṛṣṭhapātinaḥ śabdā vyavasthāpyante | avadhṛtarūpaniveśitvāc ca śabdānām avadhāraṇānusāram arthe pravṛttiḥ, avadhṛtiś cākāradvāreṇa | nirākārasya buddhyupārohāyogāt | yathāpratyayaṃ bhedāvasāyasya bādhyamānatvād anuyāyy abhinnam eva rūpaṃ paramārthataḥ | tad eva brahmarūpaṃ satyam || 2 ||

syād etat | upādhiṣu śabdānāṃ viśrāntyabhāve śabdārthopādhitvaṃ teṣāṃ na syāt | avācyasya tadupādhitvāyogād ity etad vicārayitum āha—

adhruveṇa nimittena devadattagṛhaṃ yathā | gṛhītaṃ gṛhaśabdena śuddham evābhidhīyate || 3 || tad yathā | katarad devadattasya gṛham | ado yatrāsau kāka iti | utpatite kāke naṣṭaṃ tadgṛhaṃ bhavati.... tad yathā | itaratrāpi katarad devadattasya gṛham | ado yatrāsau kāka iti | utpatite kāke yady api naṣṭaṃ tadgṛhaṃ bhavaty antatas tam uddeśaṃ jānāti.... tad yathā | itaratrāpi katarad devadattasya gṛham | ado yatrāsau kāka iti | utpatite kāke yady api tam uddeśaṃ jānāti saṃdehas tu tasya bhavatīdaṃ tadgṛham idaṃ iti (Mahābhāṣya ad Vārttika 3-4 ad Aṣṭādhyāyī 1.1.26, ed. Kielhorn, I, 74-75). gotvādayas tv anabhidhīyamānāḥ śabdasyopādhibhūtāḥ pravṛttinimittam | yathā svastikādayo devadattagṛhasyāvācakāḥ santa upalakṣaṇaṃ gṛhasya bhavanti (Dīpikā ad Mahābhāṣya Paspaśāhnika, ed. Bronkhorst, IV, i, 22). adhruveṇa nimittena.... iti | bhāṣyakāreṇāpi siddhe śabdārthasaṃbandha ity etad vārtikavyākhyānāvasare dravyaṃ hi nityam ity anena granthenāsatyopādhyavacchinnaṃ brahmatattvaṃ dravyaśabdavācyaṃ sarvaśabdārtha iti nirūpitam (Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha, ed. Abhyankar, 306-307).

ado devadattasya gṛhaṃ yatrāsau kākaḥ prativasati ity atra niyatasvāmikagṛhopalakṣaṇāyopalakṣaṇabhūtasya kākasyotpatite 'pi, tasminn upalakṣaṇasya kṛtatvād adhruvatvam anityatvam iti | tadanādareṇaiva tadupalakṣitaṃ gṛham abhidhīyate gṛhaśabdena yathā tathā prakṛtisaṃbandhād asatyopādhyupalakṣitaṃ satyam upādhirūpānādareṇa śabdair abhidhīyata ity anabhidhīyamānasyāpy abhidhānaviṣayaniyāmakatvād upalakṣaṇatve saty upādhitvaṃ nidarśanena samarthitam | tathā hi— ktaktavatū niṣṭhā ity anubandhasyāprayogasamavāyitvād adhruvasyopalakṣaṇatve tadrahitasya śuddhasya pratyayarūpasya saṃjñā'prasaṅga ity atredaṃ bhāṣye nidarśanam uktam || 3 ||

ktaktavatū niṣṭhā (Aṣṭādhyāyī 1.1.26, ed Böhtlingk, 4). yady api lupyate jānāti tv asau sānubandhakasyeyaṃ saṃjñā kṛteti (Mahābhāṣya ad Vārttika 3 ad Aṣṭādhyāyī 1.1.26, ed. Kielhorn, I, 75). tathā dravyam api abhidhīyate upalakṣaṇaṃ gotvādaya iti vyāḍimatam (Dīpikā ad Mahābhāṣya Paspaśāhnika, ed. Bronkhorst, IV, i, 16). ktaktavatū॰ || 26 || ihānubandhāḥ kāryārtham upādīyante | prayogas tv eṣāṃ luptatvān nāsti | yatra ca sārūpyaṃ tatra sandehaḥ — katham asyānubandhakāryaṃ kṛtam asya tu na kṛtam iti pūrvapakṣābhiprāyaḥ || siddhāntavādī tu manyate — adhruveṇānubandhena niyatasannidhānā arthāḥ kārakakālādayo lakṣyante | taddarśanād anubandhasmṛtau ca tallakṣitānāṃ kāryāṇāṃ sādhutvaṃ vijñāyate (Pradīpa ad Mahābhāṣya ad Aṣṭādhyāyī 1.1.26, ed. Josi & Sastri, I, 315). kākavadupalakṣaṇamātratvād iti cet, na, paryāyatvāt | upalakṣaṇaṃ viśeṣaṇaṃ vyavacchedakam iti paryāyā eva | devadattagṛhaṃ kākīti pratītiprasaṅgād iti cet, na, uktatvāt | yathāsamayaṃ pratītir iti daṇḍena paribrājakaḥ, kākena devadattagṛham iti nānayor vyavacchedakatve viśeṣo 'sti (Nyāyabhūṣaṇa , ed. Yogīndrānanda, 175). bhaktiś ca dhvaniś ceti kiṃ paryāyavat tādrūpyam ? atha pṛthivītvam iva pṛthivyā anyato vyāvartakadharmarūpatayā lakṣaṇam ? uta kāka iva devadattagṛhasya sambhavabhāvād upalakṣaṇam ? (Locana ad Dhvanyāloka 1.14, ed. Paṭṭābhirāma Śāstrī, 140). viśeṣaṇaṃ caturvidhaṃ vyāvartakaviśeṣaṇam uparañjakaviśeṣaṇam upalakṣaṇaviśeṣaṇam upadhānaviśeṣaṇaṃ ceti.... upalakṣaṇaviśeṣaṇaṃ kākavad devadattagṛham (Lakṣmīdharavyākhyā ad Saundaryalaharī, ed. Veṅkaṭanāthācārya, 132). aindropalakṣitaṃ ‘idi paramaiśvarye’, paramaiśvaryavān indraḥ | atra śrutiḥ— “indro māyābhiḥ pururūpa īyate” iti | tatsambandhi aindraṃ karma tenopalakṣite | kākavad devadattagṛham itivad viśvasarjanādivyavahāro 'syopalakṣaṇam na tu svarūpadharma iti yāvat (Dīpikā ad Yoginīhṛdaya 2.19, ed. Kaviraj, 105). yena ca svoparāgam udāsīnaṃ kurvatā viśeṣyagatavyāvartakadharmopasthāpanena vyāvṛttibuddhir janyate tad upalakṣaṇam, yathā kākādi (Advaitasiddhi, ed. Srinivasachar & Venkatanarasimha Sastry, II, 32).

nanu kāko 'tivilakṣaṇād gṛhād bhedenāvadhāryamāṇo mā bhūd gṛhaśabdābhidheyaḥ | ghaṭādayas tv ākārāḥ pṛthaganupalabhyamānatattvāḥ, katham iva tacchabdair nābhidhīyeran | anyo hy upādhir upalakṣaṇabhūtaḥ sāmānādhikaraṇyenāvacchedakaḥ | tad yathā dṛtiharir ity atra paśuḥ | anyat tu viśeṣaṇaṃ pṛthakśabdavācyam uparañjakam | tad yathā vāneyam udakam iti vanasaṃbandhopādhīyamānarūpaviśeṣam udakam abhidhīyata iti vanasaṃbandho viśeṣaṇam uparañjakatayābhidheyakam āpadyata iti | tathā coktam— arthaviśeṣa upādhis tadantavācyaḥ samānaśabdo yaḥ | anupādhir ato 'nyaḥ syāc chlāghādiviśeṣaṇaṃ yadvat || ity āśaṅkya sadṛśataram atra nidarśanam āha—

harater dṛtināthayoḥ paśau (Aṣṭādhyāyī 3.2.25, ed Böhtlingk, 95). gotracaraṇāc chlāghātyākāratadaveteṣu (Aṣṭādhyāyī 5.1.134, ed. Böhtlingk, 236). tadantatvāt tadvācyaḥ samānaśabdo 'yam_ iti ca smaraṇāt (Vidhiviveka, ed. Goswami, 318). dvividho 'py upādhir upahitasamānādhikaraṇas tadvyadhikakaraṇaś ca | tad yathā | dṛtihariḥ paśuḥ, gārgikayā ślāghate iti ca | tatra yaḥ samānaśabdaḥ sa samānādhikaraṇopādhiḥ sa tadantavācyaḥ pratyayāntavācyo dṛtiharipaśvādiḥ | na tv asamānaśabdo 'samānādhikaraṇo gārgikayā ślāghate ity ādiḥ | na hi gārgikayeti ślāghādyadhikāravihite vuni tadantenā 'samānādhikaraṇaḥ, gārgikayā ślāghā 'bhidhīyata ity arthaḥ (Nyāyakaṇikā ad Vidhiviveka, ed. Goswami, 318). upādhiśabdena ceha tulyanyāyatvād viśeṣaṇam apy ucyate | kvacit tu, tayor bhedena vyavahāro dṛśyate | yathā ‘nopādhir upādhir bhavati viśeṣaṇasya vā viśeṣaṇam iti || ‘arthaviśeṣa upādhis tadantavācyaḥ samānaśabdo yaḥ | anupādhir atonyaḥ syāc chlāghādi viśeṣaṇaṃ yadvat ||’ iti (Pradīpa ad Mahābhāṣya ad Aṣṭādhyāyī 3.1.1, ed. Josi & Shastri, III, 1). gotvaṃ ca jātir upādhir bhaviṣyati | tena nātiprasaṅgaḥ | na copādher abhidhānam | anabhihitasyāpi tacchabdenopahitāvacchedakatvadarśanāt | yathā gārgikayā ślāghata ity atra ślāghopādhivihito buñ na ślāghām āheti bhāvaḥ | ....seyaṃ vyadhikaraṇe 'nupādhau gatiḥ | samānādhikaraṇe tu paśvādāv upādhau pratyayāntaraśabdavācyatvam eva, yathā dṛtihariḥ śveti | ....tathā ca smarati bhagavān_ kātyāyanaḥ— tadantavācyaḥ samānaśabdo 'yam_ iti | samānaśabdaḥ samānādhikaraṇaśabdaḥ, ya upādhir asau pratyayāntaśabdavācya ity arthaḥ | tasmād vyaktiniyame apratītā jātir aśaktā | na ca gośabdād anyad asyāḥ pratyāyakam astīti sā 'pi tena pratyāyanīyeti siddham na vyaktimātraṃ padārtha iti (Nyāyavārttikatātparyaṭīkā ad Nyāyasūtra 2.2.60-61, ed. Thakur, 432-433). suvarṇādi yathā yuktaṃ svair ākārair apāyibhiḥ | rucakādyabhidhānānāṃ śuddham evaiti vācyatām || 4 || yathā somyaikena lohamaṇinā sarvaṃ loham ayaṃ vijñātam̐ syāt | vācārambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyaṃ loham ity eva satyam (Chāndogya Upaniṣad 6.1.5, ed. Olivelle, 246). tathā suvarṇaṃ kayācid ākṛtyā yuktaṃ piṇḍo bhavati | piṇḍākṛtim upamṛdya rucakāḥ kriyante | rucakākṛtim upamṛdya kaṭakāḥ kriyante | kaṭakākṛtim upamṛdya svastikāḥ kriyante | punar āvṛttaḥ suvarṇapiṇḍaḥ punar aparayākṛtyā yuktaḥ khadirāgārasavarṇe kuṇḍale bhavataḥ (Mahābhāṣya Paspaśāhnika, ed. Kielhorn, I, 7). tad yathā— katarat suvarṇaṃ, ya eṣa rucakaḥ svastiko vardhamānaka iti; na hy atra rucakādyākāradvāreṇa pravṛttas suvarṇaśabdo rucakādyākāram abhidhatte, uparateṣu vā rucakādyākāreṣu tadvyavacinnasvarṇārthaparatāṃ parityajati | tad uktam— adhruveṇa nimittena devadattagṛhaṃ yathā | gṛhītaṃ gṛhaśabdena śuddham evābhidhīyate || suvarṇādi yathā yuktaṃ svair ākārair apāyibhiḥ | rucakādyabhidhānānāṃ śuddham eve(vai)ti vācyatām || tathopalakṣaṇe jātāv ākṛtau vā samāśrite | vyaktayo yānti śabdānāṃ śuddhā evābhidheyatām || (Śṛṅgāraprakāśa 6, ed. Raghavan, I, 329).

rucakakuṇḍalādyākāraviśeṣopādhīyamānarūpabhedam api suvarṇam ity eva sarvatrānapāyirūpaṃ satyam ity apāyibhir ākāraviśeṣais tatsādhyārthakriyā'karaṇān na tatraiva rucakādiśabdāḥ kṛtapadabandhāḥ | kiṃ tu tadatiricyamānam arthavastv abhidhāyakatvena samāviśanti, tadvat prakṛtisaṃbandhād ākāropahitanānātvam api paratattvaṃ śabdagocara ity arthaḥ | tatra ca apāyibhir iti hetunirdeśaḥ sādhyasamakakṣyatayā kṛtaḥ, tataś copādhīnām avācyatvam asatyatvaṃ ca siddhyati | asatyatvād evārthakriyā'karaṇāt tadarthaṃ ca śabdavyavahārād avācyatvaṃ teṣām ity arthaḥ |

na ca tatsvalakṣaṇagrahaṇottarakālabhāvinīlavikalpasya viṣayeṇa nīlārthasādhyārthakriyā kriyate (Hetubindu, ed. Steinkellner 1967, 35). Reconstructed from the Tibetan translation. na ca tatsvalakṣaṇagrahaṇottarakālabhāvino nīlavikalpasya viṣayeṇa nīlasādhyārthakriyā sādhyate (Hetubindu, ed. Steinkellner & Krasser 2016, 3). asatyeṣu bhedeṣv eva śabdāḥ kṛtapadabandhā nābhinnam advayaṃ tattvaṃ saṃspraṣṭuṃ śaktā iti vitatha eva śābdo vyavahāraḥ (Prakīrṇaprakāśa ad Saṃbandhasamuddeśa 73, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, i, 174). Subramania Iyer records the variant reading kṛtasaṃbandhā in KEd, V, and COL 2393 of the Travancore University Manuscripts Library which is not collated here. yato bahiḥsadasattvam anapekṣyaiva vivakṣāprāpitasaṃnidhāne 'rthe vṛtapadabandhāḥ śabdāḥ (Prakīrṇaprakāśa ad Vṛttisamuddeśa 570, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, ii, 405). No variants recorded for vṛtapadabandhāḥ. Raghunātha Śarmā corrects vṛta to kṛta (III, iii, 602). anyatra saṃjñāsamāveśo bhavati | kānyatra | loke vyākaraṇe ca | loke tāvat | indraḥ śakraḥ puruhūtaḥ puraṃdaraḥ | kanduḥ koṣṭhaḥ kuśūla iti | ekasya dravyasya bahyaḥ saṃjñā bhavanti (Mahābhāṣya ad Vārttika 1 ad Aṣṭādhyāyī 1.4.1, ed. Kielhorn, I, 296).

nanu ca rucakādau prakṛtyanvayo 'vadhāryata eva | ihāpi vastūnāṃ jñāyamānatvena sattvāj jñānasya vaikalpikākārānavasthānān nirākāraśuddhasaṃvinmātrānugamasya svasaṃvitsiddhatvād adoṣaḥ | nanu viśeṣaṇoparaktaṃ viśeṣyābhidhānaṃ yuktam ity upasarjanībhūtasyābhidhāne kā kṣatiḥ | na kācit, kevalam upādhiṣv evātra tātparyadṛṣṭyā padabandho nivāryate | guṇatvena tv abhidhānam astu, na tāvaty eva viśrāntir iti dravyaniṣṭhatāsiddhiḥ || 4 ||

atha yo 'sāv ādyaḥ kapotaḥ salomakaḥ sapakṣo na ca saṃprati prāṇiti kathaṃ tatra prāṇiśabdo vartate iti | atha matam etat prakṛtyanvayā vikārā bhavantītīhāpi na doṣo bhavati (Mahābhāṣya ad Vārttika 5 ad Aṣṭādhyāyī 4.3.155, ed. Kielhorn, II, 325). yadi hy ekāntato bhinnaṃ viśeṣyāt_ syād_ viśeṣaṇam | svānurūpāṃ sadā buddhiṃ viśeṣye janayet_ katham (Ślokavārttika 142, ed. Dvārikādāsa Śāstrī, 128). svānurūpām iti | viśeṣaṇasvarūpoparaktām | yato viśeṣaṇoparaktaṃ viśeṣyaṃ grāhayad viśeṣaṇam ucyate, anyathā viśeṣaṇa(tva)syānupapannatvād iti bhāvaḥ | yathoktam -- svabuddhyā yena rajyeta viśeṣyaṃ tad viśeṣaṇam iti (Pañjikā ad Tattvasaṃgraha 1296, ed. Krishnamacharya, I, 387), which is a quotation of Ślokavārttika Pratyakṣasūtra 142, ed. Dvārikādāsa Śāstrī, 128). na hy ākṛtipadārthikasya dravyaṃ na padārtho dravyapadārthikasya vākṛtir na padārthaḥ | ubhayor ubhayaṃ padārthaḥ | kasyacit tu kiṃcit pradhānabhūtaṃ kiṃcid guṇabhūtam | ākṛtipadārthikasyākṛtiḥ pradhānabhūtā dravyaṃ guṇabhūtam | dravyapadārthikasya dravyaṃ pradhānabhūtam ākṛtir guṇabhūtā (Mahābhāṣya ad Vārttika 53 ad Aṣṭādhyāyī 1.2.64, ed. Kielhorn, I, 246) prakṛtyanvayā iti | prakṛter anvayo yeṣu te prakṛtyanvayāḥ | prakṛtir eva vikārarūpatām āpadyamānā vikārāvasthāyām api kvacit prakṛtiśabdenābhidhīyata ity arthaḥ (Pradīpa ad Mahābhāṣya ad Vārttika 5 ad Aṣṭādhyāyī 4.3.155, ed. Josi & Shastri, IV, 227). bhāvānāṃ hi jñāyamānatvena jñānopārūḍhatayā sattvam eva, bahir adhyavasānāc cāpi sattvam (Prakīrṇaprakāśa ad Saṃbandhasamuddeśa 63, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, i, 169).

ata eva viśeṣaṇoparāgāt sāṅkaryadoṣaṃ parihartum āha―

ākāraiś ca vyavacchedāt sārvārthyam avarudhyate | yathaiva cakṣurādīnāṃ sāmarthyaṃ nāḍikādibhiḥ || 5 || ekam āhur anekārthaṃ śabdam anye parīkṣakāḥ | nimittabhedād ekasya sārvārthyaṃ tasya bhidyate (Vākyapadīya 2.250, ed. Subramania Iyer, II, 103). uktaṃ ca— ākāraiś ca vyavacchedāt sārvārtham avarudhyate | yathaiva cakṣurādīnāṃ sāmarthyaṃ nalikādibhiḥ || (Śṛṅgāraprakāśa 6, ed. Raghavan, I, 329-330).

sarvabhāveṣu brahmaṇo dravyalakṣaṇasyābhedāt tadabhidhāyitve śabdānāṃ sarvatra tasya bhāvāt sārvārthyaṃ śabdāntarābhidhīyamānārthatvaṃ sāṅkaryaṃ prasajyetety atredam ucyate | pratiniyatākāraparicchinnavṛttitvāt sarvārthatvapratibandhād asaṅkara ity arthaḥ |

ghaṭākāropadhānapuraḥsaraṃ ghaṭaśabdena brahmadravyam abhimukhīkriyate, paṭākāropadhānena tu paṭaśabdenetyādy upādhirūpopahitavivekitvam abhidhānīyam | tad yathā nāḍikāśuṣiravartmanihitanayanās tadavakāśāvasthitam evārthabhāgaṃ paśyanti, tathāvidyāvacchinnadṛkśaktibhir ākārabhedair eva vastūpalakṣyate | tathaiva ca yathādhyavasāyaṃ śabdaniveśāc chabdair abhidhīyata ity arthaḥ |

tathā hi— yathā cakṣurādiśabdānām aśeṣarūpādiprakāśanasāmarthyaṃ nalikādisuṣiravartmani yuktaṃ darśanasya tadavakāśāvasthitarūpabhedoparuddhatayā viṣayāntareṣu na viprakīryate, tathā jātyākṛtibhyām avaruddhaviṣayā gavādiśabdānām abhidhānaśaktir nāśvādiṣv atiprasajyata iti (Śṛṅgāraprakāśa 6, ed. Raghavan, I, 329).

yathāvaraṇādinendriyasyaiva prakāśaśaktiḥ pratibadhyate, na viṣayo vikriyate, tathānādyavidyāvacchedaprakalpitavibhāgānāṃ jīvānām eva saṃvedanaśaktir niyamyate, yena vicchinnārthābhidhānena bhedaviṣayāṇy abhidhānāni prayujyante, na tu tattvam avidyayāvilīkriyata iti nāḍikānidarśanena sūcayati | nāḍikādibhir ity ādigrahaṇād avadhānapratighātamūrtyabhijanādyavarodhaḥ | yatraiva hy avadhānaṃ tad evāvadhāryate | mūrtyabhijano rūpasaundaryaṃ tenāpahṛto 'nyaṃ na paśyati || 5 ||

iha hi vijñānātmano brahmaṇo vibhaktāḥ syuḥ, avibhaktā vā, svato brahmaṇaiva vā vibhajyeran_ bhogārthaṃ krīḍārthaṃ vibhūtikhyāpanārthaṃ vā svabhāvād vā; avidyānibandhano vā tadvibhāgaḥ (Brahmasiddhi, ed. Kuppuswami Sastri, 21).

ye tarhy ākāramātraniveśinaḥ sanniveśādiśabdās te dharmamātram abhidadhyur iti sārvatrikī dravyapadārthavyavasthā viśīryetety āśaṅkyāha―

teṣv ākāreṣu yaḥ śabdas tathābhūteṣu vartate | tattvātmakatvāt tenāpi nityam evābhidhīyate || 6 ||

upādhimātrasvabhāveṣv api sanniveśādyākāreṣu sanniveśādiśabdā vartamānāḥ, paramārthatas tattvād avyatirekād upādhīnāṃ tanniṣkarṣe svarūpasyāsvarūpatvāt tadātmanaiva sattvāt tad eva nityam upādhimad dravyam, evam apy abhidhāne 'bhihitaṃ bhavati | tattvam ātmā hy upādhīnām, na tu te tasyātmāna iti vyāpakatvāt sarva evopādhayas tadātmanā santas tathaivābhidhīyante | yadā hy upādhimallīnatā tadopādhaya upādhayo na bhavanti | tatas tu niṣkarṣe dharmāntarāśrayatayā svātantryād upādhimattvam eva nopādhitvam ity āśayaḥ || 6 ||

yo vā saṃniveśaviśeṣaḥ saṃyogaviśeṣaṇaṃ ca hastyādiṣv iva sākṛtir eva (Dīpikā ad Mahābhāṣya Paspaśāhnika, ed. Bronkhorst, IV, i, 15). yathā ca nirupādhino dravyasya prakarṣo nāsti tathā dravyān niṣkṛṣṭasya svatantrasya guṇasyāpi śuklataraṃ rūpataraṃ rūpam iti svataḥ prakarṣo nāsti, api tu tadavasthāyāṃ dravyāyamāṇatvād_ guṇasyāparasaṃsargidharmāntaranimitta eva prakarṣa iti (Prakīrṇaprakāśa ad Guṇasamuddeśa 3, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, i, 204).

yady evaṃ dharmāṇām apy avasthāntare dharmirūpatvān nityatve satyatve cākārāṇām asatyatvam, dravyasya tu satyatvam ity etasya niyamasyānupapattir ity āśaṅkyāha―

na tattvātattvayor bheda iti vṛddhebhya āgamaḥ | atattvam iti manyante tattvam evāvicāritam || 7 ||

ayam atrārthaḥ | nehādvaitanaye satyāsatye dve rūpe staḥ, advaitahāniprasaṅgāt | kiṃ tu pāramārthikam ekam evādvayaṃ tattvam | tac cānādisiddhāvidyāvilasitasahaṃ pramātṛviṣayatayā yathātattvam anavabhāsamānam ity anekavikalpaparighaṭitākārarūpatayā vyavahāram avatarati | tathā ca tad evākāranānātvonnīyamānasvarūpabhedaṃ cakāsti, nānyat | tadvyatiriktasyānyasyābhāvāt |

tad yathā cintāmaṇir arthināṃ yathāśayam ākāranānātvam uddarśayati tathānantaśakti sanmātraṃ brahma avidyāvilasitasahaṃ sāmsārikapramātṛviṣaye nānārūpaṃ cakāstīty ante vastusatattvam uddhāṭitam (Prakīrṇaprakāśa ad Jātisamuddeśa 40, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, i, 47). ekam eva brahma sarvaśaktīti pramāṇena siddhe 'sminn arthe 'vidyāparikalpitasya bhāvabhedasyāpāramārthikatvāt kāryanānātvonnīyamānaḥ śaktibheda evaiksya yukto na tu svarūpabhedaḥ (Prakīrṇaprakāśa ad Jātisamuddeśa 22, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, i, 34).

tatra ca yo 'yaṃ prakāśaḥ sā vidyā | aprakāśas tu tamo 'vidyā | na ca prakāśābhāvo 'prakāśo nāma kaścit pramāṇasiddho nirūpyaḥ | tataś ca yo 'yaṃ bhedaprakāśaḥ saivaikaghanaprakāśābhāvaḥ prakāśavicchedo 'vidyā | tatra ca vicchinnānvayo vicchedo 'vadhāryata iti vicchinnaprakāśaḥ satyo vidyaiva | vicchedamātraṃ tv apradhānasvabhāvaṃ na kiṃcid avidyeti paramārthatvavicāre na kiṃcid atattvaṃ vyavatiṣṭhate | tattvam eva yathāpratibhāsaṃ bhedena cakāsad avicāritaramaṇīyaṃ prapañco 'tattvam iti vyavahriyata iti brahmavidaḥ | tathā cāvicāritaramaṇīyaṃ parīkṣayā vyavasthāpitaṃ tattvam evābhinnaṃ tīrthikā bhedadarśanavyavasthitā bhedātmakam atattvaṃ manyanta iti vicāreṇāvidyāvilaye brahmaikaniṣṭhatā darśanānām | tad uktam― satyā viśuddhis tatroktā vidyaiva ityādi || 7 ||

tasyārthavādarūpāṇi niśritāḥ svavikalpajāḥ | ekatvināṃ dvaitināṃ ca pravādā bahudhā matāḥ || satyā viśuddhis tatroktā vidyaivaikapadāgamā | yuktā praṇavarūpeṇa sarvavādāvirodhinā (Vākyapadīya 1.8-9, ed. Subramania Iyer, I, 30-36). Rau reads bahudhāgatāḥ (38).

evaṃ tena tena rūpeṇa brahmaiva vikalpitaṃ bhavatīti sarvaśabdānāṃ tattadupādhimukhaṃ tad eva viṣayaḥ siddha ity āha—

vikalparūpaṃ bhajate tattvam evāvikalpitam | na cātra kālabhedo 'sti kālabhedaś ca gṛhyate || 8 ||

paramārthato 'vikalpitaṃ vikalpānām aviṣayo yat tattvaṃ tad eva vyavahāre 'nyasyābhāvād vikalpyamānaṃ vikalparūpaṃ nānāvidhabhedāvabhāsam anādisiddhāvidyāvaśāt samavalambate, jīvātmabhedenāvatiṣṭhamānaṃ tadgatatveneti mūrtivivartāśrayadikśaktipravibhaktadeśanānātvaṃ nimittapaurvāparyāvalambanasaham | evam akālakalitam api tattvam anādinidhanaṃ kālākhyasvātantryaśaktiviniveśitapratibandhābhyanujñāvaśāj janmādibhāvavikārābhidhīyamānapaurvāparyaṃ cakāstīty arthaḥ || 8 ||

tam asya lokayantrasya sūtradhāraṃ pracakṣate | pratibandhābhyanujñābhyāṃ tena viśvaṃ vibhajyate (Kālasamuddeśa 4, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, ii, 42). ṣaḍ bhāvavikārā bhavanti iti vārṣyāyaṇiḥ | jāyate 'sti vipariṇamate vardhate 'pakṣīyate vinaśyatīti (Nirukta 1.2, ed. Sarup, 29). sarvaparikalpātītam api brahma samāviṣṭasarvaśaktitvāt_ sarvarūpeṇāvabhāsamānaṃ kālākhyasvātantryaśaktipravartitakramāvabhāsaṃ pūrvāparībhūtāvayavasamāhārātmikāṃ kriyāpratītim upajanayati sādhyasvabhāvabhāvaviṣayām | siddhasvabhāvabhāvaviṣaye tu dik_śaktiprakalpitabhāgabhedaprakalpanān mūrtivibhāgam āracayati | tathā cāpravibhāgam api deśakālābhyāṃ pravibhaktam iva cakāstīti (Prakīrṇaprakāśa ad Kriyāsamuddeśa 34, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, ii, 25-26). ata eva svātantryaśaktiḥ kāla iti vākyapadīye siddhāntitam (Prakīrṇaprakāśa ad Kālasamuddeśa 14, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, ii, 14). kālākhyā svātantryaśaktir brahmaṇa iti tatrabhavadbhartṛharer abhiprāyaḥ (Prakīrṇaprakāśa ad Kālasamuddeśa 62, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, ii, 64).

nanv avidyamānasya tattvena pratibhānam ayuktam ity āśaṅkya dṛṣṭāntenopapādayati |

yathā viṣayadharmāṇāṃ jñāne 'tyantam asaṃbhavaḥ | tadātmeva ca tat siddham atyantam atadātmakam || 9 ||

vijñānavāde viṣayākārasya bhāvato 'satyatvān nīlādis tadgato dharmo jaḍo 'jaḍe jñāne 'saṃbhavy atyantam iti jaḍājaḍayor na kenacid aṃśena sārūpyam ity āha | tathā coktam― ekadeśena sārūpye sarvaṃ syāt sarvavedanam | sarvātmanā tu sārūpye jñānam ajñānatāṃ vrajet || iti || 9 ||

vijñānaṃ jaḍarūpebhyo vyāvṛttam upajāyate | iyam evātmasaṃvittir asya yā 'jaḍarūpatā (Tattvasaṃgraha 2000, ed. Krishnamacharya, I, 559). sarvātmanā hi sārūpye jñānam ajñānatāṃ vrajet | sāmye kenacid aṃśena syāt sarvaṃ sarvavedanam (Pramāṇavārttika 3.434, ed. Tosaki, II, 115). Miyasaka reads kenacid aṅgena (98). sarvātmanā ca sārūpye jñāne 'jñānāditā bhavet | sāmye kenacid aṃśena sarvaṃ syāt sarvavedakam (Tattvasaṃgraha 2039, ed. Krishnamacharya, I, 571). ajñānatā— jaḍarūpatvam (Pañjikā ad Tattvasaṃgraha 2039, ed. Krishnamacharya, I, 571). sārūpyaṃ grāhyatvam iti cet, asaṃnihito 'pi nīlārtho nīlajñānagrāhyaḥ syāt | kiṃ ca kathaṃcit sārūpyaṃ sarvajñānānāṃ sarvārthair aviśiṣṭam, sarveṣāṃ kṣaṇikatvāt; tataś ca saiva sarvajñatāpattiḥ | sarvātmanā tu sārūpye 'rthavajjñānasyāpi jaḍatvaṃ syāt | yathāhuḥ — “ekadeśena sārūpye sarvaḥ syāt_ sarvavedakaḥ | sarvātmanā tu sārūpye jñānam ajñānatāṃ vrajet ||” iti (Tātparyaṭīkā ad Ślokavārttika Śūnyavāda 20,, ed. Rāmanātha Śāstrī, 246). kiñ ca idam ekena vā kenacid ātmanā jñānārthayoḥ sārūpyaṃ sarvātmanā vā | ekadeśasārūpye nīlam api pītasaṃvidaḥ sarūpam_ ubhayoḥ kṣaṇikatvād asādhāraṇatvāc ceti tad api grāhyaṃ bhavet | evaṃ ca sarvo sarvavit_ syāt | atadutpatter agrāhyatvam iti ced, na | pramāṇābhāvād_ nīlabuddhir nīlapītābhyāṃ sadṛśī nīlād evotpadyata iti na naḥ pramāṇaṃ kramate | api ca nīlād apy utpattau na pramāṇam ity anantaram eva vakṣyāmaḥ | samaṃ ca sārūpyam iti na grāhyetaravivekaḥ | sarvātmanā tu sarūpyam ātiṣṭhamāno jaḍatvam apy arthasya buddhāv ādadhyāt | evaṃ cāndhyam eva jagataḥ | yathāhuḥ — “ekadeśena sārūpye sarvaḥ syāt_ sarvavedakaḥ | sarvātmanā tu sārūpye jñānam ajñānatāṃ vrajet ||” iti (Kāśikā ad Ślokavārttika Śūnyavāda 20,, ed. Sāmbaśivaśāstrī, II, 101). kiñ ca, kathañcit_ sārūpyaṃ sarvajñānāṃ sarvārthair aviśiṣṭam, sarveṣāṃ kṣaṇikatvāt, tataś ca saiva sarvajñatāpatti | sarvātmanā tu sārūpye 'rthavajjñānasyāpi jaḍatvaṃ syāt | yathāhuḥ — “ekadeśena sārūpye sarvaḥ syāt_ sarvavedakaḥ | sarvātmanā tu sārūpye jñānam ajñānatāṃ vrajet” || iti (Nyāyaratnākara ad Ślokavārttika Śūnyavāda 20,, ed. Dvārikadāsa Śāstrī, 196).

atha cāsaṃbhavidharmācchuritaṃ vijñānaṃ viśuddhabodhasvabhāvam apy avidyāyāṃ vyavahāre 'vabhāsata itīṣṭaṃ nidarśanāntaram apy āha—

yathā vikārarūpāṇāṃ tattve 'tyantam asaṃbhavaḥ | tadātmeva ca tat tattvam atyantam atadātmakam || 10 ||

sāṃkhyasyāvikṛtaṃ pradhānatattvaṃ sarvavikāragranthi bījāvastham abhinnam anupasṛṣṭam eva mahadādivikārarūpaiḥ paramārthataḥ | tad dhi mahadādivikāraśaktiyuktaṃ guṇasāmyāvasthātmakaṃ guṇavaiṣamyavimardavaśopajāyamānavikāranānātvād vilakṣaṇam eva | atha ca vyavahāre mahadādivikārarūpāvadhāraṇena vinā tadupalambhāsaṃbhava iti sarvadarśaneṣv avidyānvayinī | evam asatyākāropadhānena tattvapratibhāsaḥ siddha iti sādhyānvayo 'rthagṛhītaḥ || 10 ||

guṇavaiṣamyavimardāt tasya ca bhedās tu pañcāśat (Sāṃkhyakārikā 46cd, ed. Prasad Sarma, 4).

kathaṃ punar etad avagamyate, ākārā asatyāḥ, tato 'nyat satyam ity āha―

satyam ākṛtisaṃhāre yad ante vyavatiṣṭhate | tan nityaṃ śabdavācyaṃ tac chabdāt tac ca na bhidyate || 11 || atha cādṛṣṭasaṃsthānabhedopaplavavivekam api buddhyā bhedāpohadvāreṇa svayaṃ pratīyate, parasmai ca pratipādyate, sa eṣa pratipattikramaḥ śrutyaiva darśitaḥ— “sa eṣa neti neti” iti, tathānyaiḥ— “satyam ākṛtisaṃhāre yad ante vyavatiṣṭhate” (Brahmasiddhi, ed. Kuppuswami Sastri, 26).

tad eva hi nityaṃ yasmiṃs tattvaṃ na vihanyate iti bhāṣyānusāreṇaitad ucyate | tathā hi tatroktaṃ― kanakam ity eva satyaṃ punar aparayākṛtyā yuktaṃ khadirāṅgārasavarṇe kuṇḍale bhavataḥ ity anenaiva dṛṣṭāntena vikārāpekṣayā'bhinnasya brahmaṇaḥ satyatocyate | yathā hi tatra rucakādyākāropamardena suvarṇam ity eva satyam, evam anantavikāragrāmāpāye sarvānte 'vatiṣṭhamānam anapāyi brahmarūpaṃ satyam, tad eva ca bhāvato nityam | āpekṣikaṃ tu jātyādīnāṃ vyavahāre nityatvam ucyate | tathā hi vyaktyapāye jātir avatiṣṭhamānā gotvādikā nityā | tatrāpy aśvatvādibhedāpāye pṛthivīty eva satyam | tatrāpy abādibhedāpāye vastv ity eva satyaṃ sarvanāmapratyāyyam | tatrāpi saṃvidrūpasyānapāyino 'nugamād viṣayākāraviveke tad eva pāramārthikaṃ satyam iti neti nety upāsīteti bhāvanayā codyate | saṃvic ca paśyantīrūpā parā vāk śabdabrahmamayīti brahmatattvaṃ śabdāt pāramārthikān na bhidyate | vivartadaśāyāṃ tu vaikharyātmanā bhedaḥ | tatra ca tad eva nityaṃ jātyādirūpeṇa śabdavācyam | tatrāpy āntaropādānaviśrāntyā vācakatvasya vyavasthāpanāt svarūpāntargatasyārthasya vācyatvād vācyavācakayor avibhāgaḥ siddha iti prathamakāṇḍe nirṇītam | ata evānantaram ihābhidhāsyati― tasya śabdārthasaṃbandharūpam ekasya dṛśyate iti || 11 ||

tad api nityaṃ yasmiṃs tattvaṃ na vihanyate (Mahābhāṣya Paspaśāhnika, ed. Kielhorn, I, 7). kaṭakākṛtim upamṛdya svastikāḥ kriyante | punar āvṛttaḥ suvarṇapiṇḍaḥ punar aparayākṛtyā yuktaḥ khaidrāṅgārasavarṇe kuṇḍale bhavataḥ (Mahābhāṣya Paspaśāhnika, ed. Kielhorn, I, 7). athāta ādeśo neti neti | na hy etasmād iti nety anyat param asti | atha nāmadheyam̐ satyasya satyam iti (Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 2.3.6, ed.Olivelle, 66). athāyam āntaro jñātā sūkṣme vāgātmani sthitaḥ | vyaktaye svasya rūpasya śabdatvena vivartate (Vṛtti ad Vākyapadīya 1.107, ed. Subramania Iyer, I, 174). Verse 1.115 in the edition of Wilhelm Rau (47). idam ity asya vicchinnavimarśasya kṛtārthatā | yā svasvarūpe viśrāntir vimarśaḥ so 'ham ity ayam (Ajaḍapramātṛsiddhi 15, ed. Kaul Shastri, 6). tasya śabdārthasaṃbandharūpam ekasya dṛśyate (Dravyasamuddeśa 14ab).

yad uktaṃ― tadātmeva ca tat tattvam atyantam atadātmakam iti tatrātyantam atadātmakatāṃ tāvad vyācaṣṭe |

na tad asti na tan nāsti na tad ekaṃ na tat pṛthak | na saṃsṛṣṭaṃ vibhaktaṃ na vikṛtaṃ na ca nānyathā || 12 || tāni ca vākyāni pratiśākhaṃ sarvopaniṣadbhyo 'vagantavyāni | pramāṇāntarāṇām apy ekatvapratipādanaparatvād eva grāhiṇaḥ pratyakṣasya miśraiḥ kṛta eva kleśaḥ | uktaṃ ca vākyapadīye ‘na tad asti ca tan nāmni’ ityādi | vidhyavagamyatā ca śarīrāvarakād avasātavyā (Manubhāṣya ad Manusmṛti, ed. Jha, 490). na tad asti na tan nāsti na vāggocaram eva tat (Yogavāsiṣṭha Nirvāṇaprakaraṇa Uttarārdha 31.36cd, ed. Śāstrī Paṇśīkar, II, 1129).

vaikārikasarvavyavahārātītatvāt pāramārthikena rūpeṇa vikārātmakaṃ tattvaṃ na bhavati | tathā hy astīti na śakyate vyavahartum | sattvopādhikasya svarūpasya tattvasvabhāvāyogāt, tenātmanā vyavahārānavatārāt | nāpi nāstīty abhāvopādhikasyāpy atattvāt pramāṇena bhāvātmakasya tattvasyāveditatvāt |

ekasaṃkhyopādhīyamānasvarūpaviśeṣaṃ tattvaṃ na bhavati | nirupādhinas tattvasya vastuto 'bhinnatvāt | tathā caikam ity apratīteḥ | nāpi pṛthaktvāhitaviśeṣam, tadbhinnasyāsatyatvāt |

nāpi saṃsargopādhikaṃ vibhāgopādhikaṃ vā, tato dvitīyasya pramāṇenānupapatteḥ | kuto bhinnaṃ vibhaktaṃ ca, kena vā saṃsṛṣṭaṃ syāt |

pariṇāmaniṣedhena vivartābhyupagamān na vikṛtam | anekabhāvagrāmarūpatayā cādbhutayā vṛttyā vivartanād avikṛtam ity api na śakyate vyavahartum iti sarvavyapadeśātītaṃ tattvaṃ paraṃ brahma || 12 ||

atyadbhutā tv iyaṃ vṛttir yad abhāgaṃ yad akramam | bhāvānāṃ prāg abhūtānām ātmatattvaṃ prakāśate (Sambandhasamuddeśa 81, ed. Subramania Iyer, 177). jātiprayuktā tasyāṃ tu phalavyaktiḥ pratīyate | kuto 'py ad_bhutayā vṛttyā śaktibhiḥ sā niyamyate (Kālasamuddeśa 17, ed. Subramania Iyer, 46). yathaivādbhutayā vṛttyā niṣkramaṃ nirnibandhanam | apadaṃ jāyate sarvaṃ tathāsyātmā prahīyate (Kālasamuddeśa 26, ed. Subramania Iyer, 49).

atha ca tadātmevāvidyāyām avadhāryata ity āha―

tan nāsti vidyate tac ca tad ekaṃ tat pṛthak pṛthak | saṃsṛṣṭaṃ ca vibhaktaṃ ca vikṛtaṃ tat tad anyathā || 13 ||

bhāvābhāvavikārāvabhāsajananaśakti tad eva, asti nāstīti ca sattāsattopādhikavyavahārasaham | bhāvatas tu niḥsattāsattaṃ niḥsadasat paraṃ brahma | vyāvahārikaṃ caikānekavyavahāraṃ jātivyaktyātmanā tad eva vartayati | saṃkhyopādhikam api ca | evaṃ saṃyogopādhikam apy anyasaṃsargitayāvabhāsanāt | evaṃ vivekāvasāyas tatra | tathā samastavikārātmanā janyamānam ivākāśādyātmanā kūṭasthatayā tad evāvabhāsata iti tadātmeva tattvam ity uktam || 13 ||

parāmarśacetasā hi dvitīyaṃ prathamād vyatirekeṇa na vyavasthāpyeta dvitīyaparāmarśacetasā yataḥ tad api tadādyānubhayarūpatve sati ekarūpa eva vyavasthitaṃ bhaved grāhakākāra eveti yāvat | tataḥ kuto vivekāvasāyaḥ | (Pramāṇavārttikālaṅkāra ad Pramāṇavārttika 3.385, ed. Sāṅkṛtyāyana, 408).

evaṃ ca kṛtvā sarvasya tanmayatvād virodhino 'pi vyavahārās tatraivopalīyanta ity āha—

tasya śabdārthasambandharūpam ekasya dṛśyate | tad dṛśyaṃ darśanaṃ draṣṭā darśane ca prayojanam || 14 ||

vācyavācakasambandhānāṃ bhāvato 'dvayarūpatā | tatra hy āntare tattve śrutyarthaśaktī saṃsṛjyeta iti vivartadaśāyāṃ śrutyarthaśākhātmanā tasyaiva vikāsād vācyavācakarūpatayā bhedāvabhāsau | jñānajñeyarūpatayaivāvidyeti | brahmakāṇḍa eva prapañcenāyam artho 'smābhir nirṇīta iti tata evāvadhāryam |

apara āha— kramavān akramanimittam | akrame tu vāgātmani śrutyarthaśaktī saṃsṛjyete (Vṛtti ad Vākyapadīya 1.44, ed. Subramania Iyer, I, 102).

draṣṭṛdṛśyarūpatayā ca tasyaiva vivartaḥ | tathā hi dṛśyaṃ tāvad bhāvajātaṃ saṃvidupārūḍhaṃ vedyamānaṃ vedyatvād eva vedanaikaparamārtham, aprakāśasya prakāśamānatāyogād iti pūrvakāṇḍe 'dvayasiddhau ca vitatya vicāritam | draṣṭāpi jīvātmā'vidyākṛtāvacchedo niyataḥ saṃsārī bhoktā brahmaiva cetanatvād bhāvato bhedānupapatter iti tatraivāveditam | anena ca pradhānakartṛkarmarūpakārakanirdeśena kārakāntarasyāpy ākṣepāt siddharūpo vivartaḥ pratipāditaḥ |

ataḥ saṃvitprakāśa eva dvaitaṃ sādhayatīti kiṃ siddhasādhanena | saṃvidupārūḍho hi nīlādir advaitam āpādayati (Kāśikā ad Ślokavārttika Śūnyavāda 31, ed. Śāmbaśiva Śāstrī, II, 106).

darśanaśabdena ca pradhānakriyānirdeśakena kriyāntarasyākṣepāt sādhyasvabhāvakriyāvivarto 'py uktaḥ | kālaśaktyavacchinno hi kriyāvivartaḥ, dikśaktyavacchinnaś ca mūrtivivarta iti mūrtikriyāvivartarūpaṃ viśvaṃ pratipāditam |

prayojanaśabdena ca samastakriyāphalanirdeśa iti sādhyasādhanaphalarūpatayā viśvasaṃkalanāyām aśeṣavivartānuguṇyaṃ brahmaṇaḥ pratipāditam | etac ca— ekasya sarvabījasya yasya ceyam anekadhā | bhoktṛbhoktavyarūpeṇa bhogarūpeṇa ca sthitiḥ || iti brahmakāṇḍe pratipāditam | tatraiva ca satattvanirṇayo 'smābhir vyadhāyi | prakhyopākhyātmakatvāc ca vyavahārasya dvitve śabdārthasambandharūpam | tad dṛśyaṃ darśanaṃ ceti bhedenātra nirdeśaḥ | etac cāvidyāmayaṃ rūpaṃ kathyate | pāramārthikaṃ tu praśāntaprapañcarūpaṃ vakṣyati― yatra draṣṭā ca dṛśyaṃ ca darśanaṃ cāvikalpitam | tasyaivārthasya satyatvaṃ śritās trayyantavedinaḥ || iti || 14 ||

adhiśrayaṇārambha eva phalābhisandheḥ samastakriyākalāpas tatraivādhyasyate (Kriyāsamuddeśa 5, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, ii, 9). ekasya sarvabījasya yasya ceyam anekadhā | bhoktṛbhoktavyarūpeṇa bhogarūpeṇa ca sthitiḥ (Vākyapadīya 1.4, ed. Subramania Iyer, I, 21). yatra draṣṭā ca dṛśyaṃ ca darśanaṃ cāvikalpitam | tasaivārthasya satyatvaṃ śritās trayyantavedinaḥ (Saṃbandhasamuddeśa 72, ed. Rau, 125). Subramania Iyer reads vā vikalpitam (III, i, 173). prakhyopākhyātmako dvividho vyavahāraḥ (Prakīrṇaprakāśa ad Jātisamuddeśa 100, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, i, 99). tathā hi — audāsīnyāvasthāyāṃ satsv api sādhaneṣu pacatītyādiprakhyopākhyayor abhāvād arthāntaraviṣayatvaṃ tayoḥ (Prakīrṇaprakāśa ad Kriyāsamuddeśa 1, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, ii, 4). asaṃrabdhasādhanasādhyā ca sattā niyatam eva sādhanānāṃ sannihiteti prakhyopākhyayoḥ kadācitkatvābhāvaḥ (Prakīrṇaprakāśa ad Kriyāsamuddeśa 1, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, ii, 6). prakhyopākhyā ca sattā yadyadasattā viparyayaḥ (Ajaḍapramātṛsiddhi 2ab, ed. Kaul Shastri, 1).

uktam idam― ākṛtisaṃhāre 'nte yad avatiṣṭhate tat satyam iti | tatraitat syāt | ante na kiñcid avatiṣṭhate | asad apadam evaitad viśvam āvirbhavatīty āśaṅkyāpi hetunā'bhinnakāraṇapūrvakatvam anvayamukhena dṛṣṭāntopakramaṃ sādhayitum āha—

vikārāpagame satyaṃ suvarṇaṃ kuṇḍale yathā | vikārāpagame satyāṃ tathāhuḥ prakṛtiṃ parām || 15 || vikārāpagame satyaṃ suvarṇaṃ kuṇḍale yathā | vikārāpagamo yatra tām āhuḥ prakṛtiṃ parām || iti (Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha, ed. Abhyankar, 309).

kuṇḍalāvasthātmakavikārāpāye kuṇḍale suvarṇam ekaṃ satyam avatiṣṭhate yathā, tathā pṛthivyādivikāravigame 'nvayinī prakṛtir abhinnā satyāvatiṣṭhate ity upeyam | āhur iti āgamapramāṇasiddhatāṃ dhvanati brahmaṇaḥ | tathā coktam― ekam eva yad āmnātam iti | ātmaivedaṃ satyam iti hi śrutiḥ | upodbalamātraṃ cānumānam | tathā hi nirupākhyād asato 'padād vikāraprādurbhāvo na yuktaḥ, abhāvasya bhāvarūpatvavirodhāt | na hi śaśaśṛṅgāt kasyacid udbhavo dṛśyate | asti ca vijñānarūpatayā jagaty anvaya iti tatpūrvakam evaitat | tathā ca vakṣyati― nābhāvo jāyate bhāvo naiti bhāvo 'nupākhyatām iti | tasya cidrūpasya cicchaktir apariṇāminīti vikārābhāvān nedaṃ sāṃkhyanayavatpariṇāmadarśanam, api tu vivartapakṣaḥ | viśeṣaś cānayor vākyapadīye 'smābhir vyākhyāta iti tata evāvadhāryaḥ | ihāpi sambandhasamuddeśe vakṣyate | kāraṇāntaravyudāsaś cādvayasiddhāv abhihita iti saty arthitve tata evāvagantavyaḥ || 15 ||

ekam eva yad āmnātam bhinnaśaktivyapāśrayāt | apṛthak_tve 'pi śaktibhyaḥ pṛthak_tveneva vartate (Vākyapadīya 1.2, ed. Subramania Iyer, I, 14). athāta ātmādeśa eva | ātmaivādhastād ātmopariṣṭād ātmā paścād ātmā purastād ātmā dakṣiṇata ātmottarata ātmaivedam̐ sarvam iti (Chāndogya Upaniṣad 7.25.2, ed. Olivelle, 272). sa ya eṣo 'ṇim aitadātmyam idam̐ sarvam | tat satyam | sa ātmā | tat tvam asi śvetaketo iti (Chāndogya Upaniṣad 6.8.7, ed. Olivelle, 252). nābhāvo jāyate bhāvo naiti bhāvo 'nupākhyatām | ekasmād ātmano 'nanyau bhāvābhāvau vikalpitau (Saṃbandhasamuddeśa 61, ed. Subramania Iyer, III, i, 166).

tad evam ātmaśabdābhidheyasya brahmaṇaḥ padārthaparamārtharūpatvād dravyarūpatvam upapādya sarvaśabdavācyatvaṃ tasyaiva nigamayitum āha—

vācyā sā sarvaśabdānāṃ śabdāś ca na pṛthak tataḥ | apṛthaktve ca saṃbandhas tayor nānātmanor iva || 16 || abhyupagatādvitīyatvanirvāhāya vācyavācakayor avibhāgaḥ pradarśitaḥ— vācyā sā sarvaśabdānāṃ śabdāc ca na pṛthaktataḥ | apṛthaktvepi saṃbandhas tayor jīvātmanor iva || iti (Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha, ed. Abhyankar, 309).

tattadupādhiparikalpitabhedabahulatayā vyavahārasyāvidyābhūyastve pratiniyatākāropādhīyamānarūpabhedaṃ brahmaiva sarvaśabdaviṣaya ity ukto 'rthaḥ | ātmā, brahma, tattvam ityādayo 'pi hi śabdāḥ samavalambitopādhayo 'pi dravyātmānam anu parivartante, nirupādhino vāgviṣayātītatvāt | vāṅmanasātītaṃ hi tattvam ity upadiśanti brahmavidaḥ | ghaṭādiśabdāpekṣayā tv ātmādiśabdāḥ pratyāsannāḥ | sarvasya ca tanmayatvāc chabdā api tadātmakāḥ, yathā'vibhaktaṃ prāk | abhede 'pi ca pāramārthike sāṃvṛto lokayātrāyāṃ bhedo 'satya iti ivaśabdaḥ | ata eva dviṣṭhasambandhopapattiḥ || 16 ||

tattadupādhiparikalpitabhedabahulatayā vyavahārasyāvidyāmātrakalpitatvena pratiniyatākāropadhīyamānarūpabhedaṃ brahmatattvaṃ sarvaśabdaviṣayaḥ | abhede ca pāramārthike saṃvṛtivaśād vyavahāradaśāyāṃ svapnāvasthāvaduccāvacaḥ prapañco vivartata iti kārikārthaḥ (Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha, ed. Abhyankar, 309).

nanu cendrajālam idaṃ, yad avadhṛtarūpabhedānām api bhāvānām anādṛtya tattvam anavasīyamānābhedaparamārthatopadeśanam ity āśaṅkya dṛṣṭāntenaitat sādhayitum āha―

ātmā paraḥ priyo dveṣyo vaktā vācyaṃ prayojanam | viruddhāni yathaikasya svapne rūpāṇi cetasaḥ || 17 || ajanmani tathā nitye paurvāparyavivarjite | tattve janmādirūpatvaṃ viruddham upalabhyate || 18 || janmamaraṇādikaṃ tadvat_ prapañcaś ca tatrāvidyākalpita iti vedāntatattvam asmākam apīṣṭam eva | uktaṃ hi vākyapadīye— ‘ajanmani tathā nitye paurvāparyavivarjite | tattve janmādirūpatvaṃ viruddham upalabhyate ||’ iti | tasmād avidyādaśāyām uktarītyā jātir eva sphoṭaḥ (Vaiyākaraṇabhūṣaṇa, ed. Trivedi, 259).

svapnāvasthāgataḥ prapañco jāgarayā bādhyamānatvād asatya iti sarvavādyabhyupagamaḥ | tenaiva dṛṣṭāntena jāgarāyām api bhāvabhedas turīyadaśāyām ananuvṛtter asatyo 'vasthāpyate | yat kila sarvāvasthāsv anugataṃ tad eva satyam | tac ca saṃvinmātrarūpam abādhyamānam | avasthābhedas tv āgamāpāyitvād bādhito 'san, sukhaduḥkhādivat | tathā hi rāgādayaḥ sukhādayaś cāsvabhāvatvāt saṃvinmātrarūpaṃ na vikurvanti | tathāvasthābhedo 'py anekākārakāluṣyopahataḥ |

tatra svapne viruddhākārollekho vaikalpikī dṛṣṭiḥ pratipramātṛniyatā | vaikalpiko hi manovyāpārānusārī saṃsārī bhoktā, sa ca bhāvataś cetanatvād brahmaiva | tathā ca tāvati svātantryān nirmitāv īśvaro 'nanyopādānāt, bhāvān ābhāsyopabhuṅkte priyāpriyarūpatayā rāgadveṣādimayena saṃsāramohena svaparavibhāgānusārī parasaṃkathādiṣu | tadāhur vedāntatattvanipuṇāḥ— pravibhajyātmanātmānaṃ sṛṣṭvā bhāvān pṛthagvidhān | sarveśvaraḥ sarvamayaḥ svapne bhoktā pravartate || iti | bhokteti vacanāt pratyagātmasṛṣṭir iyam uktā | tasya ca sarveśvaratvāt brahmarūpatve sṛṣṭisāmarthyam uktam | sarvamayatvāc cānanyopādānavicitrabhāvaracanām ātmopādānām āhuḥ | ata eva pravibhajyātmanātmānam iti kartṛkarmabhedābhāvāc ca vaikalpikatvam asyāḥ sṛṣṭeḥ sphuṭam uktam | bāhyopādānā tu jāgarāyām aiśvarī sṛṣṭir viśvaśabdavācyā sarvapramātṛsādhāraṇī |

pravibhajyātmanātmānaṃ sṛṣṭ_vā bhāvān_ pṛthagvidhān | sarveśvaraḥ sarvamayaḥ svapne bhoktā pravartate (Vṛtti ad Vākyapadīya 1.119, ed. Subramania Iyer, I, 195). Verse 1.140 in the edition of Wilhelm Rau (51). jāgaritasthāno bahiḥprajñaḥ saptāṅga ekonaviṃśatimukhaḥ sthūlabhug vaiśvānaraḥ prathamaḥ pādaḥ (Māṇḍūkyopaniṣad 3, ed. Olivelle, 474). bahiḥprajño vibhuḥ viśvo hy antaḥprajñas tu taijasaḥ | ghanaprajñaḥ tathā prājña eka eva tridhā smṛtaḥ (Āgamaśāstra (Gauḍapādakārikā) 1.1, ed. Bhattacharya, 1). na tasya svapnapadārthāḥ svātantryeṇa pravartamānāḥ sarvakartṛtvalakṣaṇasvaśaktipratibandham udbhāvayanti asaṃsāritvāt; kiṃtu svatantraḥ svaśaktyā yatheṣṭaṃ tān_ sṛjati | yathāha bhartṛhariḥ ‘pravibhajyātmanātmānaṃ sṛṣṭvā bhāvān_ pṛthagvidhān | sarveśvaraḥ sarvaśaktiḥ svapne bhoktā prapadyate ||’ iti | ata eva svapnasvātantryam etat — ity uktam | tasya svapnajāgarayor viśeṣo nāsti, — iti tamovaraṇanirbhedaḥ sa evoktaḥ (Vivṛti ad Spandakārikā 4.4, ed. Chatterji, 102). tathā ‘svapnaḥ’ tejo'vasthā brahmaṇaḥ | kutaḥ ? ity āha ‘prakāśamāhātmyāt’ iti... idam arthabalād āyātaṃ yat sa eva bhagavān_ svasvabhāvo devaḥ tattatpramātṛtāṃ samāviṣṭaḥ svapnāyamānaḥ svātmānam eva prakāśasvātantryāt_ gṛha-nagarāṭṭālādi-anekapramātṛvaicitryarūpatayā pravibhajya pratipramātṛ svapne asādhāraṇam eva viśvaṃ prakāśayaty eva, — iti brahmaṇaḥ svātantryaṃ svapna eva brahmavādibhiḥ abhyupagatam | yato vedānteṣu idam uktam ‘pravibhajyātmanātmānaṃ sṛṣṭvā bhāvān_ pṛthagvidhān | sarveśvaraḥ sarvamayaḥ svapne bhoktā prakāśate ||’ iti prakāśamāhātmyam eva atra hetuḥ, ataḥ svapno brahmaṇaḥ tejo'vasthā — iti (Vivṛti ad Paramārthasāra 35, ed. Chatterji, 77-78).

sthiratvāsthiratvagrahāveśanimittas tu bhedaḥ | avidyāpravṛttirūpatvāt punar asatyatā samānaiva | kevalaṃ satyām avidyāyām aparo mohaś cicchakter āvārako nidrā nāma | tadvaśād atraiva bhrāntatvābhimāno 'rvāgdṛśām | paramārthadṛśāṃ tu jananamaraṇarahite 'pravibhakte kūṭasthe parasmin brahmaṇi cidānandarūpe sarvam eva jagaj jāgratsvapnādyavasthāgataṃ mūrtikriyāvivartarūpam asatyam | anvayicitsāmānyamātraṃ tu paramārtha iti siddham | viruddham upalabhyata iti vadann avidyāyāṃ virodham abhyupaiti | etad eva hy avidyāyāḥ svarūpaṃ yad anupapadyamānam apy ābhāsopagamaṃ nayati, upapannatve vidyaiva syāt | tasmād asatyaprapañcaprakāśanaśaktir brahmaṇo 'nādisiddhā grāhyagrāhakayugalaṃ svānurūpam uparacayya jagannāṭyam ātanotīty avicāritaramaṇīyām imām apanayanti tattvadṛśaḥ || 17-18 ||

anyathā gṛhṇataḥ svapno nidrā tattvam ajānataḥ | viparyāse tayoḥ kṣīṇe turīyaṃ padam aśnute (Āgamaśāstra (Gauḍapādakārikā) 1.15, ed. Bhattacharya, 7). nanu svapnakāraṇatve 'pi jāgaritavastuno na svapnavadavastutvam | atyantacalo hi svapno jāgaritan tu sthiraṃ lakṣyate (Śaṅkarabhāṣya ad Gauḍapādakārikā 4.38, ed. Röer, 547). yathā hi kalpanāmātrasāraṃ tata evānavasthitaikarūpaṃ kṣaṇena kalpanāśatasahasrasahaṃ svapnādivilakṣaṇam api suṣṭhutarāṃ hṛdayagrahanidānam atyaktasvālambanabrahmakalpanaṭoparacitaṃ rāmarāvaṇādi ceṣṭitam asatyaṃ kuto 'py abhūtāt_ bhūtavṛttyā bhāti | tathā bhāsanam api ca pumarthopadeśopāyatām eti | tathā tādṛg eva viśvam idam asatyanāmarūpaprapañcātmakam (Abhinavabhāratī, quoting from a lost work by Bhaṭṭanāyaka: Fragments of Bhaṭṭanāyaka, ed. Chintamani, 268). Pollock reads atyaktasvālambanaṃ (2016, 458, note 17). tad āhur vedāntavādanipuṇāḥ:— yathā svapnaprapañcoyaṃ mayi māyāvijṛmbhitaḥ | evaṃ jāgratprapañcopi mayi māyāvijṛmbhitaḥ || iti | tad itthaṃ kūṭasthe parasmin brahmaṇi saccidānandarūpe pratyagabhinne vagate nādyavidyānivṛttau tādṛgbrahmātmanāvasthānalakṣaṇaṃ niḥśreyasaṃ setsyati (Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha, ed. Abhyankar, 309-310).

iti bhūtirājatanayahelārājakṛte prakīrṇaprakāśe dravyasamuddeśo dvitīyaḥ ||