[Eggeling 1874, ed. The Kātantra with the Commentary of Durgasiṃha] Deepro Chakraborty 2021-06-15

Copyright Notice

Copyright (C) Deepro Chakraborty.

Distributed by saktumiva under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

Under this licence, you are free to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work to Remix — to adapt the work

Under the following conditions:

Attribution — You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Share Alike — If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one.

More information and fuller details of this license are given on the Creative Commons website.

Deepro assumes no responsibility for unauthorised use that infringes the rights of any copyright owners, known or unknown.

 2021 Deepro Chakraborty Edmonton Kātantra with the Commentary of Durgasiṃha transcribed by Deepro Chakraborty on the basis of Julius Eggeling's 1874 Calcutta edition The Kātantra with the Commentary of Durgasiṃha Julius Eggeling Asiatic Society of Bengal Calcutta 1874 Bibliotheca Indica: A Collection of Oriental Works published by the Asiatic Society of Bengal. New Series 297 and 298 DV Begins this document

atha śrīdurgasiṃhaviracitavṛttisahitaṃ kātantram ||

|| gaṇeśāya namaḥ ||

devadevaṃ praṇamyādau sarvajñaṃ sarvadarśinam | kātantrasya pravakṣyāmi vyākhyānaṃ śārvavarmikam ||
[Sandhiprakaraṇam]
[Prathamaḥ Pādaḥ] ||1.1.1|| siddho varṇasamāmnāyaḥ ||

siddhaḥ khalu varṇānāṃ samāmnāyo veditavyaḥ | na punar anyathopadeṣṭavya ity arthaḥ || siddhaśabdo 'tra nityārtho niṣpannārthaḥ prasiddhārtho vā | yathā siddham ākāśam | siddham annam | kāmpilyaḥ siddha iti || varṇā akārādayaḥ | teṣāṃ samāmnāyaḥ pāṭhakramaḥ ||

||1.1.2|| tatra caturdaśādau svarāḥ ||

tasmin varṇasamāmnāyaviṣaya ādau ye caturdaśa varṇās te svarasaṃjñā bhavanti | a ā i ī u ū ṛ ṝ ḷ ḹ e ai o au || yathānukaraṇe hrasva ḷkāro 'sti tathā dīrgho 'py astīti matam || svarapradeśāḥ | svaro 'varṇavarjo nāmī ity evamādayaḥ ||

||1.1.3|| daśa samānāḥ ||

tasmin varṇasamāmnāyaviṣaya ādau ye daśa varṇās te samānasaṃjñā bhavanti | a ā i ī u ū ṛ ṝ ḷ ḹ || samānapradeśāḥ | samānaḥ savarṇe dīrghībhavati paraś ca lopam ity evamādayaḥ ||

||1.1.4|| teṣāṃ dvau dvāv anyonyasya savarṇau ||

teṣām eva daśānāṃ yau dvau dvau varṇau tāv anyonyasya savarṇasaṃjñakau bhavataḥ | a ā i ī u ū ṛ ṝ ḷ ḹ || teṣāṃ grahaṇaṃ vyaktyartham | tena hrasvayor dvayor dīrghayoś ca savarṇasaṃjñā siddheti|| savarṇapradeśāḥ | samānaḥ savarṇe dīrghībhavati paraś ca lopam ity evamādayaḥ ||

||1.1.5|| pūrvo hrasvaḥ || ||1.1.6|| paro dīrghaḥ || ||1.1.7|| svaro 'varṇavarjo nāmī || ||1.1.8|| ekārādīni sandhyakṣarāṇi || ||1.1.9|| kādīni vyañjanāni || ||1.1.10|| te vargāḥ pañca pañca pañca || ||1.1.11|| vargāṇāṃ prathamadvitīyāḥ śaṣasāś cāghoṣāḥ || ||1.1.12|| ghoṣavanto 'nye || ||1.1.13|| anunāsikā ṅañaṇanamāḥ || ||1.1.14|| antaḥsthā yaralavāḥ || ||1.1.15|| ūṣmāṇaḥ śaṣasahāḥ || ||1.1.16|| aḥ iti visarjanīyaḥ || ||1.1.17|| ẖka iti jihvāmūlīyaḥ || ||1.1.18|| ḫpa iti upadhmānīyaḥ || ||1.1.19|| aṃ ity anusvāraḥ || ||1.1.20|| pūrvaparayor arthopalabdhau padam || ||1.1.21|| vyañjanam asvaraṃ paraṃ varṇaṃ nayet || ||1.1.22|| anatikramayan viśleṣayet || ||1.1.23|| lokopacārād grahaṇasiddhiḥ ||
[dvitīyaḥ pādaḥ] ||1.2.1|| samānaḥ savarṇe dīrghībhavati paraś ca lopam ||

samānasaṃjñako varṇaḥ savarṇe pare dīrghībhavati | paraś ca lopam āpadyate | daṇḍāgram | sāgatā | dadhīdam | nadīha te | madhūdakam | vadhūḍham | pitṝṣabhaḥ | kṝkāraḥ | kḹkāreṇa || hotṝkāra iti vaktavyam | samānagrahaṇam aśrutād api dīrghāt samānāt savarṇasya lopārtham | tena vṛkṣāḥ ||

||1.2.2|| avarṇa ivarṇe e ||

avarṇa ivarṇe pare er bhavati paraś ca lopam āpadyate | varṇagrahaṇe savarṇagrahaṇam | tavehā | seyam || cakārādhikāro 'nukramam uccayārthaḥ | tena kvacit pūrvo 'pi lupyate | halīṣā | lāṅgalīṣā | manasa īṣā manīṣā ||

||1.2.3|| uvarṇe o ||

avarṇa uvarṇe pare or bhavati paraś ca lopam āpadyate | tavohanam | gaṅgodakam ||

||1.2.4|| ṛvarṇe ar ||

avarṇa ṛvarṇe pare ar bhavati paraś ca lopam āpadyate | tavarkāraḥ | sarkāreṇa || ṛṇapravasanavatsatarakambaladaśānām ṛṇe kvacid aro ’pi dīrghatā | ṛṇārṇam | prāṇam ity evamādayaḥ || ṛte ca tṛtīyāsamāse | śītena ṛtaḥ | śītārtaḥ || ṛti dhātor upasargasya | prārchati || nāmadhātor vā | prārṣabhīyati | prarṣabhīyati ||

||1.2.5|| ḷvarṇe al ||

avarṇa ḷvarṇe pare al bhavati paraś ca lopam āpadyate | tavalkāraḥ | salkāreṇa || upasargasya vā ḷti dhātor alo dīrghaḥ | upālkārīyati | upalkārīyati ||

||1.2.6|| ekāre ai aikāre ca ||

avarṇa ekāre aikāre ca pare air bhavati paraś ca lopam āpadyate | tavaiṣā | saindrī || cakārādhikārāt kvacit pūrvo 'pi lupyate | eve cāniyoge | adyeva | iheva || niyoge tu adyaiva gaccha | ihaiva niṣṭha || svasyādaitvam īreriṇor api vaktavyam | svairam | svairī ||

||1.2.7|| okāre au aukāre ca ||

avarṇa okāre aukāre ca pare aur bhavati paraś ca lopam āpadyate | tavaudanam | saupagavī || cakārādhikārād upasargāvarṇalopo dhātor edotoḥ | prelayati | parokhati || iṇedhatyor na | upaiti | upaidhate || nāmadhātor vā | upekīyati | upaikīyati | proṣadhīyati | prauṣadhīyati || oṣṭhotvoḥ samāse vā | bimboṣṭhaḥ | bimbauṣṭhaḥ | sthūlotuḥ | sthūlautuḥ || samāsa iti kim | he chātrauṣṭhaṃ paśya | adyautuṃ paśya || omi ca nityam | adyom | som ity avocat || akṣasyautvam ūhinyām | akṣauhiṇī senā || prasyoḍhoḍhyoś ca | prauḍhaḥ | prauḍhi || eṣaiṣyayor aitvaṃ lopasyāpavādaḥ | praiṣaḥ | praiṣyaḥ | īṣes tu preṣaḥ | preṣyaḥ ||

||1.2.8|| ivarṇo yam asavarṇe na ca paro lopyaḥ ||

ivarṇo yam āpadyate 'savarṇe na ca paro lopyaḥ | dadhy atra | nady eṣā || ivarṇa iti kim | pacati || asavarṇa iti kim | dadhi ||

||1.2.9|| vam uvarṇaḥ ||

uvarṇo vam āpadyate 'savarṇe na ca paro lopyaḥ | madhv atra | vadhvāsanam ||

||1.2.10|| ram ṛvarṇaḥ ||

ṛvarṇo ram āpadyate 'savarṇe na ca paro lopyaḥ | pitrarthaḥ | krarthaḥ ||

||1.2.11|| lam ḷvarṇaḥ ||

ḷvarṇo lam āpadyate 'savarṇe na ca paro lopyaḥ | lanubandhaḥ | lākṛtiḥ ||

||1.2.12|| e ay ||

ekāro 'y bhavati na ca paro lopyaḥ | nayati | agnaye ||

||1.2.13|| ai āy ||

aikāra āy bhavati na ca paro lopyaḥ | nāyakaḥ | rāyaindrī |

||1.2.14|| o av ||

okāro 'v bhavati na ca paro lopyaḥ | lavaṇam | paṭav otuḥ ||

||1.2.15|| au āv ||

aukāra āv bhavati na ca paro lopyaḥ | gāvau | gāvaḥ || eteṣu visandhiḥ pṛthagyogaś ca spaṣṭārthaḥ | vivakṣitaś ca sandhir bhavati | gavājinam | go 'jinam iti svare vibhāṣā | gavākṣaḥ | gavendra iti nityam akāravarṇāgamaḥ ||

||1.2.16|| ayādīnāṃ yavalopaḥ padānte na vā lope tu prakṛtiḥ ||

ay ity evamādīnāṃ padānte vartamānānāṃ yavayor lopo bhavati na vā | lope tu prakṛtiḥ svabhāvo bhavati | ta āhuḥ | tay āhuḥ | tasmā āsanam | tasmāy āsanam | paṭa iha | paṭav iha | asā induḥ | asāv induḥ || ayādīnām iti kim | dadhy atra | madhv atra || padānta iti kim | nayanam | nāyakaḥ ||

||1.2.17|| edotparaḥ padānte lopam akāraḥ ||

edodbhyāṃ paro 'kāraḥ padānte vartamāno lopam āpadyate | te 'tra | paṭo 'tra | edodbhyām iti kim | tāv atra || padāntagrahaṇaṃ padāntādhikāranivṛttyartham | tena citam | stutam ||

||1.2.18|| na vyañjane svarāḥ sandheyāḥ ||

na khalu vyañjane pare svarāḥ sandhānīyā bhavanti | devīgṛham | paṭuhastam | mātṛmaṇḍalam | jale padmam | raidhṛtiḥ | vāyo gatiḥ | nauyānam || nañā nirdiṣṭam anityam | tena pitryam | gavyūtiḥ | adhvamāne saṃjñeyam ||

|| iti daurgasiṃhyāṃ vṛttau sandhau dvitīyaḥ pādaḥ samāptaḥ ||

[tṛtīyaḥ pādaḥ] ||1.3.1|| odantā a i u ā nipātāḥ svare prakṛtyā ||

odantā nipātā aiuāś ca kevalāḥ svare pare prakṛtyā tiṣṭhanti | no atra | aho āscaryaṃ | atho evam | a apehi | i indraṃ paśya | u uttiṣṭha | ā evaṃ kiṃ (Liebich: nu) manyase | ā evaṃ nu (Liebich: kila) tat || evam iti kim | na vā u || antagrahaṇam akārādīnāṃ kevalārtham | tena cetītīha nanv iti veti || nipātā iti kim | paṭa iha | paṭav iha | īṣatuḥ | ūṣatuḥ | āṭatuḥ ||

||1.3.2|| dvivacanam anau ||

dvivacanaṃ yad anaubhūtaṃ tat svare pare prakṛtyā tiṣṭhati | aukārarūpaṃ parityajya rūpāntaraṃ prāptam ity arthaḥ | agnī etau | paṭū imau | śāle ete | māle ime || dvivacanam iti kim | citranv atra || paryudāsaḥ kim | ayajāva hy āvām | devayor atra || anaubhūtam iti kim | tāv atra ||

||1.3.3|| bahuvacanam amī ||

bahuvacanaṃ yad amīrūpaṃ tat svare pare prakṛtyā tiṣṭhati | amī aśvāḥ | amī eḍakāḥ || bahuvacanam iti kim | amy atra || amīrūpam iti kim | tay āhuḥ ||

||1.3.4|| anupadiṣṭāś ca ||

ye cākṣarasamāmnāyaviṣate vyatyā nopadiṣṭā jātyā tu svarasaṃjñitāḥ plutās te svare pare prakṛtyā tiṣṭhanti | āgaccha bho devadatta3 atra | tiṣṭha bho yajñadatta3 iha || dūrāhvāne gāne rodane ca plutās te lokataḥ siddhāḥ ||

|| iti daurgasiṃhyāṃ vṛttau sandhau tṛtīyaḥ pādaḥ samāptaḥ ||

[caturthaḥ pādaḥ] ||1.4.1||vargaprathamāḥ padāntāḥ svaraghoṣavatsu tṛtīyān ||

vargaprathamāḥ padāntāḥ svaraghoṣavatsu tṛtīyān āpadyante | vāg atra | ṣaḍ gacchanti || vargaprathamā iti kim | bhavān āha || padāntā iti kim | śakanīyam || svaraghoṣavatsv iti kim | vāk pūtā | ṣaṭ kurvanti ||

||1.4.2|| pañcame pañcamāṃs tṛtīyān na vā ||

vargaprathamāḥ padāntāḥ pañcame pare pañcamān āpadyante | tṛtīyān na vā | vāṅmatī | vāgmatī | ṣaṇ mukhāni | ṣaḍ mukhāni | tannayanam | tadnayanam | triṣṭum minoti | triṣṭub minoti || padānte dhuṭāṃ prathame sati | dṛśan nayanam | jñānabhun nātho vā || vyavasthitavibhāṣayā pratyayapañcame nityaṃ pañcamo bhāṣāyām | vāṅmayam | yanmātram ||

||1.4.3|| vargaprathamebhyaḥ śakāraḥ svarayavaraparaś chakāraṃ na vā ||

vargaprathamebhyaḥ padāntebhyaḥ paraḥ śakāraḥ svarayavaraparaś chakāram āpadyate na vā || vākchūraḥ | vākśūraḥ | ṣaṭ chyāmāḥ | ṣaṭ śyāmāḥ | tac chvetam | tac śvetam | triṣṭupchrutam | triṣṭupśrutam || vargaprathamebhya iti kim | prāṅ śete || svarayavapara iti kim | vākślakṣṇaḥ | tac śmaśānam || lānunāsikeṣv apīcchanty anye ||

||1.4.4|| tebhya eva hakāraḥ pūrvacaturthaṃ na vā ||

tebhya eva vargaprathamebhyaḥ padāntebhyaḥ paro hakāraḥ pūrvacaturtham āpadyate na vā | vāgghīnaḥ | vāg_hīnaḥ | ajjhalau | aj_halau | ṣaḍḍhalāni | ṣaḍ halāni | tad dhitam | tad hitam | kakubbhāsaḥ | kakub_hāsaḥ || hakāra iti kim | tat kṛtam || tebhyo-grahaṇaṃ svarayavaraparanivṛttyartham | tena vāg ghlādayati || eveti tṛtīyamatavyavacchedārtham ||

||1.4.5|| pararūpaṃ takāro lacaṭavargeṣu ||

takāraḥ padānto lacaṭavargeṣu parataḥ pararūpam āpadyate | tal lunāti | tac carati | tac chādayati | taj janayati | taj jhāmayati | taññakāreṇa | taṭ ṭīkate | taṭṭhakāreṇa | taḍḍīnam | taḍ ḍhaukate | taṇṇakāreṇa || padānte dhuṭāṃ prathame sati | tajjayaḥ | dṛśallekhā | jñānam uṭṭīkanam iti || lacaṭavargeṣv iti kim | tat pacati ||

||1.4.6|| caṃ śe ||

takāraḥ padāntaḥ śe pare cam āpadyate | tacślakṣṇaḥ | tac śmaśānam || acchatvapakṣe vacanam idam ||

||1.4.7|| ṅaṇanā hrasvopadhāḥ svare dviḥ ||

ṅaṇanāḥ padāntā hrasvopadhāḥ svare pare dvir bhavanti | kruṅṅ atra | sugaṇṇ atra | pacann atra || ṅaṇanā iti kim | kim atra || padāntā iti kim | vṛtrahaṇau || hrasvopadhā iti kim | prāṅ āste ||

||1.4.8|| no 'ntaś cachayoḥ śakāram anusvārapūrvam ||

nakāraḥ padāntaś cachayoḥ parayoḥ śakāram āpadyate 'nusvārapūrvam | bhavāṃś carati | bhavāṃś chādayati | bhavāṃś cyavate | bhavāṃś chyati || vyavasthitavāsmaraṇāt praśāñ carati | evam uttaratrāpi || tathānto viratir iti tena tvan tarasi ||

||1.4.9|| ṭaṭhayoḥ ṣakāram ||

nakāraḥ padāntaṣ ṭaṭhayoḥ parayoḥ ṣakāram āpadyate 'nusvārapūrvam | bhavāṃṣ ṭīkate | bhavāṃṣ ṭhakāreṇa ||

||1.4.10|| tathayoḥ sakāram ||

nakāraḥ padāntas tathayoḥ parayoḥ sakāram āpadyate 'nusvārapūrvam | bhavāṃs tarati | bhavāṃs thuḍati || puṃskokilaḥ | puṃskhananam | puṃścakoraḥ | puṃśchatram | puṃṣṭiṭṭibhaḥ | supuṃś carati || puṃso 'śiṭy aghoṣaviṣaye saṃyogāntalopasyānityatvāt | yathā prāptam eva || aśiṭīti kim | puṃsaraḥ ||

||1.4.11|| le lam ||

nakāraḥ padānto le pare lam āpadyate 'nusvārahīnam | bhavālm̐ lunāti | bhavālm̐ likhati || kārahīnatvād ananunāsikam ||

||1.4.12|| jajhañaśakāreṣu ñakāram ||

nakāraḥ padānto jajhañaśakāreṣu parato ñakāram āpadyate | bhavāñ jayati | bhavāñ jhāṣayati | bhavāñ ñakāreṇa | bhavāñ śete || padamadhye ca ṭavargādeśa iti jajhañeṣu ñakāravidhānam ||

||1.4.13|| śi cnau vā ||

nakāraḥ padāntaḥ śi pare ncau vā prāpnoti ñakāraṃ vā | bhavāñ chūraḥ | bhavāñc śūraḥ | bhavāñ śūraḥ | kurvañ chūraḥ | kurvañc śūraḥ | kurvañ śūraḥ | praśāñ chayanam | praśāñc śayanam | praśāñ śayanam || ṇatvaṃ gatvaṃ ca na syāt | anusvāro vargāntaś ca syād eva || vātra samuccaye ||

||1.4.14|| ḍaḍhaṇaparas tu ṇakāram ||

ḍaḍhaṇāḥ pare 'smād iti ḍaḍhaṇaparaḥ | ḍaḍhaṇaparo nakāro ṇam āpadyate | bhavāṇ ḍīnam | bhavāṇ ḍhaukate | bhavāṇ ṇakāreṇa || tuśabdo vānivṛttyarthaḥ ||

||1.4.15|| mo 'nusvāraṃ vyañjane ||

makāraḥ punar anto vyañjane pare'nusvāram āpadyate | tvaṃ yāsi | tvaṃ ramase || anta iti kim | gamyate || anusvāra iti saṃjñāpūrvako vidhir anityaḥ | tena samrāṭ | samrājau ||

||1.4.16|| varge tadvargapañcamaṃ vā ||

anto 'nusvāro varge pare tadvargapañcamaṃ vāpadyate | tvaṅ karoṣi | tvaṃ karoṣi | tvañ carasi | tvaṃ carasi | pumbhyām | puṃbhyām || varga iti kim | tvaṃ lunāsi ||

|| iti daurgasiṃhyāṃ vṛttau sandhau caturthaḥ pādaḥ samāptaḥ ||

[pañcamaḥ pādaḥ] ||1.5.1|| visarjanīyaś ce che vā śam || ||1.5.2|| ṭe ṭhe vā ṣam || ||1.5.3|| te the vā sam || ||1.5.4|| kakhayor jihvāmūlīyaṃ na vā || ||1.5.5|| paphayor upadhmānīyaṃ na vā || ||1.5.6|| śe ṣe se vā vā pararūpam || ||1.5.7|| um akārayormadhye || ||1.5.8|| adhoṣavatoś ca || ||1.5.9|| aparo lopyo 'nyasvare yaṃ vā || ||1.5.10|| ābhōbhyām evam eva svare || ||1.5.11|| ghoṣavati lopam || ||1.5.12|| nāmiparo ram || ||1.5.13|| ghoṣavatsvaraparaḥ || ||1.5.14|| raprakṛtir anāmiparo 'pi || ||1.5.15|| eṣasaparo vyañjane lopyaḥ || ||1.5.16|| na visarjanīyalope punaḥ sandhiḥ || ||1.5.17|| ro re lopaṃ svaraś ca pūrvo dīrghaḥ || ||1.5.18|| dvirbhāvaṃ svaraparaś chakāraḥ ||
[Nāmaprakaraṇam]
[caturthaḥ pādaḥ] ||2.4.1|| avyavyībhāvād akārāntād vibhaktīnām am apañcamyāḥ ||

avyayībhāvasamāsād akārāntād vibhaktīnāṃ sthāne 'm bhavati | apañcamyāḥ | upakumbham || avyayībhāvād iti kim | kaṣṭaśritaḥ || vibhaktīnām iti kim | upakumbhatā || apañcamyā iti kim | upakumbhāt ||

||2.4.2|| vā tṛtīyāsaptamyoḥ || ||2.4.3|| anyasmāl luk || ||2.4.4|| avyayāc ca || ||2.4.5|| rūḍhānāṃ bahutve 'striyām apatyapratyayasya || ||2.4.6|| gargayaskavidādīnāṃ ca || ||2.4.7|| bhṛgvatryaṅgiraskutsavasiṣṭhagotamebhyaś ca || ||2.4.8|| yato 'paiti bhayam ādatte vā tad apādānam || ||2.4.9|| īpsitaṃ ca rakṣārthānām || ||2.4.10|| yasmai ditsā rocate dhārayate vā tat sampradānam || ||2.4.11|| ya ādhāras tad adhikaraṇam || ||2.4.12|| yena kriyate tat karaṇam || ||2.4.13|| yat kriyate tat karma ||

kartā yat kriyate tat kārakaṃ karmasaṃjñaṃ bhavati | kaṭaṃ karoti | odanaṃ pacati | ādityaṃ paśyati | tathā | ahiṃ laṅghayati | grāmaṃ gacchan vṛkṣamūlāny upasarpati | tathā | stokaṃ pacati | gāṃ dogdhi payaḥ | pauravaṃ gāṃ yācate | vṛkṣam avacinoti phalāni | śiṣyaṃ dharmaṃ brūte | śiṣyaṃ dharmam anuśāsti | ajāṃ nayati grāmam | grāmaṃ vahati bhāram | harate kumbhaṃ bhāram | grāmaṃ chātraśataṃ jayati | gargāñ śataṃ daṇḍayati | grāmam adhiśete | grāmam adhitiṣṭhati | vṛkṣam adhyāste | dharmam abhiniviśate | trirātam upavasati | grāmam anuvasati | parvatam adhivasati | āvasatham āvasati | akṣān dīvyati | akṣair dīvyatīti karaṇavivakṣā | māsaṃ guḍadhānāḥ | krośaṃ kuṭilā nadī | bhavater gamyamānatvāt || karmapradeśāḥ | karmaṇi dvitīyety evamādayaḥ||

[Ākhyātaprakaraṇam]
[Prathamaḥ Pādaḥ] ||3.1.1|| atha parasmaipadāni ||

athāntarāṇi tyādīni syāmahi paryantāni parasmaipadasaṃjñakāni bhavanti | nava parāṇy ātmana ity uktibādhayā pūrvāṇi navaiva vacanāni sarvāsāṃ vibhaktīnām iti || arthasya vibhañjanād vibhaktaya iti | ti tas anti | si thas tha | mi vas mas | evaṃ sarvatra || parasmaipadapradeśāḥ | śeṣāt kartari parasmaipadam (3|2|47) ity evamādayaḥ||

||3.1.2|| nava parāṇy ātmane ||

atha parāṇi nava nava vacanāny ātmanepadasaṃjñakāni bhavanti | padānīti gamyate || te āte ante | se āthe dhve | e vahe mahe | evaṃ sarvatra || ātmanepadapradeśāḥ | ātmanepadāni bhāvakarmaṇoḥ (3|2|40) ity evamādayaḥ ||

||3.1.3|| trīṇi trīṇi prathamamadhyamottamāḥ ||

parasmaipadānām ātmanepadānāṃ ca trīṇi trīṇi vacanāni prathamamadhyamottamasaṃjñakāni bhavanti yathāsaṅkhyam | ti | tas | anti | iti prathamaḥ || si | thas | tha | iti madhyamaḥ || mi | vas | mas | ity uttamaḥ || te | āte | ante | iti prathamaḥ || se | āthe | dhve | iti madhyamaḥ || e | vahe | mahe | ity uttamaḥ || evaṃ sarvatra || saṃjñāpradeśāḥ | nāmni prayujyamāne 'pi prathamaḥ | yuṣmadi madhyamaḥ | asmady uttamaḥ (3|1|5-7|) ity evamādayaḥ ||

||3.1.4|| yugapadvacane paraḥ puruṣāṇām ||

yugapad ekakālārthaḥ | yugapadvacana ekakriyākālābhidhāne puruṣāṇāṃ madhye yaḥ paraḥ sa bhavati | sa ca tvaṃ cāhaṃ ca pacāmaḥ | sa ca tvaṃ cāhaṃ cāpākṣma | sa ca tvaṃ cāhaṃ ca pakṣyāmaḥ || vacanam atantram | sa ca tvaṃ ca pacathaḥ | taṃ cāhaṃ ca pacāvaḥ || yugapadvacanam iti kim | sa pacati | tvaṃ pakṣyasi | aham apākṣam iti bhinnakāloktau vayam apākṣmeti mā bhūt || vacanagrahaṇaṃ yugapadviṣaye mā bhūt | sa pacati | taṃ pacasi | ahaṃ pacāmīty evaṃ prāpnoti || apravṛttau paryāye vā prāpte paribhāṣeyam ||

||3.1.5|| nāmni prayujyamāne 'pi prathamaḥ ||

nāmni prayujyamāne 'prayujyamāne 'pi prathamaḥ puruṣo bhavati | sa pacati | tau pacataḥ | te pacanti | sa pacate | tau pacete | te pacante | evaṃ pacyate ghaṭaḥ | pacyete ghaṭau | pacyante ghaṭāḥ || aprayujyamāne 'pi | pacati | pacataḥ | pacanti | evaṃ sarvatra || prayujyamānagrahaṇaṃ kim | dhātunā yukte yathā syāt | tena devadattena hanyase tvam | madhyama eva yuṣmadyogāt ||

||3.1.5|| yuṣmadi madhyamaḥ ||

yuṣmadi prayujyamāne 'prayujyamāne 'pi madhyamaḥ puruṣo bhavati | tvaṃ pacasi | yuvāṃ pacathaḥ | yūyaṃ pacatha | aprayujyamāne 'pi | pacasi | pacathaḥ | pacatha | evaṃ sarvatra || prayujyamānagrahaṇaṃ kim | tvayā pacyata odanaḥ ||